E. Between The Diseases Giving Spherical Formations - In

e. Between the diseases giving spherical formations - in lungs. Use all complex of special methods - of research except for a puncture. Last at suspicion on is inadmissible because of rupture possibility , - dangers of hit liquids in a pleura with development heavy reactions and a parasite. Treatment: only the surgical. Can be executed: 1) after preliminary - contents . At this method after - napkins a thick needle, suck away from it contents and dissect a fibrous capsule. Delete a chitinous - cover with its contents, wipe a cavity 5 - 10 % a - formalin solution, carefully take in apertures of bronchial fistulas opening in it and take in the formed cavity. At deep big cavities when represents great difficulties and sharply deforms a lung, it is more expedient - after processing of a cavity and bronchial fistulas as much as possible a fibrous capsule and to sheathe its edges separate - haemostatic seams. After that a lung inflate until it will not come to contact with a pleura; 2) a method ideal consists - at a distance without opening of its gleam After - damp gauze napkins dissect a fabric of a lung and a fibrous cover.

The Mammary Gland Delete Together With Small And

The Mammary gland delete together with small and big pectoral muscles, , subscapular-, and the lymph nodes located on a course of internal chest arteries and veins. This operation has not received a wide circulation because of a trauma . The Same effect can be received at the account of possible presence of metastasises in lymph nodes, - carrying out after radical on Holstedu or on Pejti of beam therapy. At a mammary gland cancer __, __ a, ___ stages operation would combine with beam or chemotherapy. At a cancer ___ the stage accepts complex treatment: beam therapy, radical -, chemotherapy, . Radical it is counter-indicative at patients with stages of disease T4N1 - 3 and - 4N1M1, at total - defeat of a mammary gland, its fixing to a chest wall, meta-stazah in lymph nodes and an opposite side mammary gland, at presence metastasises, at cancer forms, a hand hypostasis. At these sick it is necessary to consider as the basic method of treatment a combination beam, himio - and -. at a cancer of a mammary gland at women, and also at till 10 years consists in suppression -.

On A Pleura Surface There Is Only A

On a pleura surface there is only a fibrin. The - lymphatic cracks which are "soaking up" hatches of a pleura, are as though corked with the curtailed fibrin, squeezed in connection with a hypostasis of Vsasyvanie from a pleural cavity is sharply reduced. In this connection in it collects which squeezes a lung and displaces bodies . In those places where does not separate pleural leaves and leaves them in contact, there is a pasting of pleural surfaces at the expense of the dropped out fibrin Soon in solderings start to develop elements So there is a formation and multichamber By the end of 1st - to the beginning of 2nd week processes inflammations in a pleura accrue, amplifies a game of the young connecting fabric sprouting films. These processes extend on a chest wall and a pulmonary fabric - the membrane, the inflammatory centre in a pleura is formed some kind of . If accumulation occurs quickly, solderings can not be formed and purulent fills big a pleural cavity. On 3rd week registration fabrics begins there is an intensive development of collagenic fibres in and deep layers of a pleura, is broken its layers.

Sudden A Mammary Gland At Abortions And The

Sudden a mammary gland at abortions and the lactation termination can conduct to cellular structures of a ferruterous fabric RESEARCH METHODS Inspection of women with diseases of mammary glands the - complex. In the anamnesis - the complaints specifying in disease of a mammary gland (a pain, consolidations, allocation from nipples, - change of a skin, etc.), change of these symptoms in dynamics, - changes in the mammary glands connected with by a cycle, pregnancy, a lactation. It is necessary to pay attention to - character of a cycle, a current , sorts, - character of a lactation, gynecologic diseases, operations on genitals, quantity of abortions. Survey of mammary glands make in a light premise, the woman should be undressed to a belt. Research make - in a standing position with the lowered hands and an inclination forward, with the lifted hands and in a prone position on a back with the platen enclosed under shovels and lying on one side. The similar technique allows - to reveal hardly noticeable symptoms.

"An Orange-peel" Symptom - A Sign - Of

"An orange-peel" symptom - a sign - of distribution of process in the deep skin lymphatic cracks, accompanied by a hypostasis and expansion of skin follicles over a tumour. The mammary gland immovability in relation to the big chest muscle (a symptom of Pajra) specifies in germination - in it tumours. Diffuznye forms: otechno-infiltrativnaja the form, a cancer, a cancer, an armour-clad cancer. The otechno-infiltrativnaja form of a cancer of a mammary gland is more often observed at women at young age, in pregnancy, a lactation. A current sharp. The pain is absent is more often. The - increase in consolidation of a site of a mammary gland without a clear boundary quickly progresses-. The hypostasis of a mammary gland and a skin as a result of distribution of cancer cages on intraskin lymphatic vessels and to lymphatic cracks is characteristic. In lymph nodes early there are metastasises. The mastitopodobnyj cancer meets at young women, pregnant and feeding is more often. However the mastitis - demands special attention as it is difficult for distinguishing from a cancer from elderly women-.

). TUMOURS OF THE CHEST WALL Good-quality Tumours (,

). TUMOURS OF THE CHEST WALL Good-quality tumours (, fibromas, ) develop slowly, without causing painful - symptoms. Histologic research of remote tumours - necessarily. Treatment: surgical, mainly for cosmetic - reasons. , develop from bone and fabrics of edges and a breast. As a rule, good-quality tumours slowly increase in sizes, however sometimes regenerate - in a sarcoma, start to grow quickly and give metastasises. Tumours of forward department of a thorax can reach the considerable sizes, without causing a pain and appreciable frustration of the general condition-. Sometimes turns in , - sprouting in a thorax that causes a chest pain, a short wind. The bone tumours which are settling down on a back surface of a thorax, start with a body of a shovel or a shoot more often, have a dense consistence, at movements are displaced together with a humeral belt. Treatment: the surgical. At shovels - full removal of a shovel with surrounding fabrics is shown. Malignant tumours (sarcomas of soft fabrics, bones and cartilages of a chest wall) are characterised by fast growth, - reach the big sizes, are exposed to disintegration in the centre, -.

Chest Pains Happen Seldom, More Often Patients Mark

Chest pains happen seldom, more often patients mark feeling in a breast. In late stages of development of a tumour there are symptoms, characteristic at development of tumours of other localisations: weakness, appetite decrease, a weight loss. The basic methods of diagnostics are a trachea tomography, especially in a lateral projection, and at which define character of growth of a tumour, make and take a print for cytologic issledova-nija. For detection tumour parts use a gullet a baric suspension. At this method of research extent the dissociation corresponding - to size of a tumour Distribution of a tumour for limits of a trachea comes to light - is well defined at a computer tomography. Treatment: interventions are shown in the presence of - good-quality tumours on a thin leg and also when open operation for whatever reasons - is counter-indicative. At the majority of good-quality tumours - of a trachea open operation new growths is shown. At malignant tumours I - III stages radical operation is the resection of a trachea within healthy fabrics with removal surrounding it and lymph nodes At the inoperable tumours breaking breath, make tumours At a low arrangement of a tumour through it spend extended a tube.

Distribution Of A Phlegmon Of A Neck In

Distribution of a phlegmon of a neck in forward and back quite often leads to a deadly outcome. To warn - distribution of phlegmons of a neck it is possible only by timely opening - and creation of conditions for pus outflow. necks develop in back department of a neck is more often. Is purulent-Nekrotichesky process extends on hypodermic , sometimes grasps and muscles. Treatment: in the early period antibiotics. At heavy - forms it is necessary wide fabrics, subsequently a skin plasticity. Often necks develops at sick of a diabetes-, therefore at them it is necessary to investigate urine on sugar. In the presence of a diabetes spend corresponding - therapy. Ludwig's quinsy - an oral cavity phlegmon. Disease usually arises as complication at a purulent osteomyelitis of the bottom jaw, inflammatory processes. Clinic: quickly progressing, sharp inflammatory process extends on language, a throat, cervical . Last also accepts almost black colour. The - difficulty of swallowing, a fetid smell from a mouth are observed , .

At Objective Research Position Of The Patient Pays

At objective research position of the patient pays attention. In the first days of disease prior to the beginning of medical punctures of a pleura if is available total , patients because of sharp pains cannot lie and accept a semisitting position. Quite often thus it is possible to notice that the patient rests hands about bed on purpose to fix a humeral belt and by that - to include in the breath certificate auxiliary muscles. At delimited the painful syndrome is expressed more poorly, patients do not accept the compelled position and is more often lie on the amazed half of thorax that sharply limits its respiratory excursions, and together with it reduces pains. Despite an oxygen summer residence, the majority of patients has a short wind in rest, lips and brushes of the hands, testifying to oxygen starvation and . Sometimes the patient is pale, covered sticky then that also is a sign . Pulse is speeded usually up to 110 - 120 in a minute. The temperature, as a rule, high and sometimes, especially at putrefactive infections-, has character.

The Forecast: The Remote Results Of Treatment Of

The forecast: the remote results of treatment of a cancer of a mammary gland depend not so much on a treatment method, how many from a disease stage. The best results are received at treatment - of not palpated cancer of a mammary gland, a tumour in diameter no more than 5 mm with a structure or a cancer as noninvasive (a cancer in situ), and a cancer with initial signs -. The five years' survival rate after the operation executed at a cancer of a mammary gland I and the Pas of stages, makes accordingly 93 and 84 %, while at tumours of Pb of a stage 60 - 65 %, and at tumours of III stage only 35 - 40 %. The cancer of a mammary gland at men arises more often in advanced age, against , to the International system of units (SI) the absorbed dose of radiation often develops, the - indicator of the absorbed dose is expressed in , 0,01 Gr = 1 is glad frequency of initially-plural tumoral growth, high hormonal dependence. The small sizes of a mammary gland, absence plentiful create conditions for - fast distribution of a tumour on surrounding fabrics.

The Method Allows To Diagnose Germination Of A

The method allows to diagnose germination of a tumour of a lung in , to define the increased - lymph nodes in the field of a root of a lung and , metastasises in . - radiological research of a pleural cavity after introduction in it of contrast substance. - Water-soluble contrast substances are used - only. For definition - of the sizes of a cavity research a minimum in three positions is necessary: in vertical position, on a back and on one side (on the defeat party). Under certain indications, mainly for the purpose of - reception of a material for cytologic or histologic - research, apply and . make the special tool - . It gives the chance to receive - pleural contents for research-, to see and pleurae-, a tumour sprouting to a surface of a lung, to take for histologic research a slice of pathological formation-. Enter usually on lines in the fourth - the fifth . - survey of a forward surface of a trachea (to ) by means of the special tool. It is applied for the purpose of reception to histologic research - from the lymph nodes which are settling down on a course of a trachea, at suspicion on presence in them of metastasises of a cancer of a lung, diagnostics of system diseases (, etc.

Sometimes, On The Contrary, The - Phlegmon Is

Sometimes, on the contrary, the - phlegmon is a consequence of inflammatory process in a pleura. Clinic: the general condition heavy, a body heat, a fever. Skin reddenings usually do not happen; in - areas a swelling, morbidity at . Treatment: wide opening of an abscess on edge of the big chest muscle and spaces , antibiotics. Sharp the osteomyelitis of edges is observed more often at children. As a rule, the disease activator - golden -. Disease begins severe pains on the limited site of a thorax, body rise in temperature. Further - there is an edge thickening, skin over it. At abscess break it is formed it is long not healing fistula. At a sharp osteomyelitis almost never - comes to light pathological changes; at transition in chronic process on roentgenograms it is visible edges, the sequester. In the presence of an abscess and a fistula the diagnosis confirm bacteriological - and pus researches. Treatment: at sharp an edge osteomyelitis in the disease beginning-antibiotikoterapija, at an abscess - its opening, antibiotics.

N3 - Lymph Nodes Are Palpated Over Or

N3 - Lymph nodes are palpated over or under a clavicle or there is a hand hypostasis on the defeat party. M - the remote metastasises. M0 - Signs of the remote metastasises are not present. There are remote metastasises. Defeat of a skin outside of a mammary gland, metastasises in an opposite mammary gland and lymph nodes. In the USSR kliniko-anatomic classification of a cancer of a mammary gland in which allocate four stages of distribution - of tumoral process is accepted-. I stage - a tumour in diameter less than 3 sm, settling down in thickness of a fabric of the mammary gland, not passing on surrounding and integuments; the Pas a stage - a tumour in diameter from 3 to 5 sm, passing on surrounding -, with presence of skin symptoms, without metastasises in lymph nodes. 116 stage - a tumour of the same size and a kind or the smaller sizes, but with presence of metastasises in axillary lymph nodes; Ilia a stage - a tumour in diameter from 5 to 10 sm or any size, - sprouting a skin, but without metastasises in lymph nodes; 1116 stage - a tumour of any size with plural metastasises in , and subscapular lymph nodes; 1 a stage - a tumour of any size with metastasises in lymph nodes areas: IV stage - widespread defeat of a mammary gland with dissemina-tsiej on a skin or extensive ; a tumour with the remote metastasises.

Activity By Introduction Of Hormonal - Preparations, And

Activity by introduction of hormonal - preparations, and at quickly progressing disease - bilateral . For an exception strengthenings of function of adrenal glands and braking right after - the patient appoint or . To patients with dying away function , being in 10 years and more, it is not shown. In this case treatment , being a hypophysis hormone is shown. spend during all life of the patient. At patients with the combination with chemotherapy and an irradiation conducts to remission more than in half of supervision. Chemotherapy - apply as an additional method in whom treatment of an initially-operable cancer of a mammary gland-, and also at treatment of patients with cancer relapses. - Antineoplastic preparations: , , 5-ftoruratsil, , . Widely use polychemotherapy - - a combination 3 - 4 preparations with the different mechanism of action-. Beam therapy - apply in complex treatment of a cancer - of a mammary gland, use sometimes in pre- and postoperative the periods for the purpose of preventive maintenance of relapses of metastasises, and also at their revealing.

At A Chronic Abscess Probably Development Of The

At a chronic abscess probably development of the same complications which are inherent in the sharp period of disease - Diagnostics of a chronic abscess, besides the anamnesis data, - is based on radiological research It allows - to establish a pulmonary fabric in cavity circles, presence - in it of contents. At carrying out of the differential diagnosis of a chronic abscess of a lung it is necessary to mean a tuberculosis and a lung, a lung cancer (especially so-called - the form of a peripheral cancer). In the - differential diagnosis of these diseases the clinical picture, the given researches have Great value-. At a lung tuberculosis, except a cavity, come to light ache prescription the tubercular centres; usually flavourless, in it are available a tuberculosis. At lungs in find and a radiant fungus. At a cancer - of a lung with a suppuration and disintegration in the centre of a tumour carrying out - of the differential diagnosis can present difficulties (sm section "a lung Cancer").