DAMAGES OF LUNGS Damages Of Lungs Can Be

DAMAGES OF LUNGS Damages of lungs can be opened and closed. Damages of bronchial tubes as well as trachea damage, happen a consequence of the closed trauma at bruises and a thorax during time failures and other road incidents is more often. Symptoms sometimes appear only at development of a stenosis of the bronchial tube which has arisen on a place of rupture At cross-section rupture of a bronchial tube by an outcome can be a lung or a share, the pneumonia, found out at radiological research In other supervision a trauma causes a grave condition of the patient: the shock, cough, , development strained -, the Definitive diagnosis put emphysemas on the basis of the data . Treatment depends on terms of statement of the diagnosis at rupture - of bronchial tubes At the early diagnosis if the condition a pain allows, make emergency operation-ushivanie rupture or at extensive damages reconstructive operation. At impossibility of its performance in connection with weight of a condition - of the victim in the beginning a pleural cavity, , spend antishock therapy If bronchial tube rupture diagnose late at developed , make the operation which volume is defined by a condition of a lung or its share In case of irreversible changes the resection of a share or all lung is shown.

3. Rational Antibacterial Therapy Should Be Constructed Taking

3. Rational antibacterial therapy should be constructed taking into account sensitivity of the flora sowed from -. In the absence of the data about sensitivity of flora it is expedient - to use antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action (amino-glikozidy, , etc.) in a combination with , metronidazole . Besides introduction of antibiotics intravenously, intramuscularly or through a mouth, it is necessary to enter them into a bronchial tree or an abscess cavity (in the form of an aerosol, through at , in an abscess cavity at an abscess puncture). 4. Normalisation of warm activity reach cardiacs. For and microcirculation improvements it is necessary to use a haemomisinformation, . 5. Therapy has great value . Repeated blood transfusions, plasmas, introduction IgG (gamma globulin), medical whey raise reactance of an organism-. It is promoted also by some medicamentous means: , , , etc. At staphylococcal introduction or others fatty , used for a food is necessary also. Fat entered into a blood channel connects - bacterial and reduces their destroying - action by a pulmonary fabric.

Breath Infringements Are More Expressed At A Stenosis

Breath infringements are more expressed at a stenosis of a large bronchial tube. Infection joining, development cause a clinical picture, characteristic for illnesses (see more low) . Anomalies of blood supply of a share or a segment of the lung, not having a bronchial tube, name the sequester "Sekvestrirovannyj" lung department the abnormal - artery departing from an aorta Distinguish intrashare at which the site of the lung which has been not connected with a bronchial tree, is in thickness of a share, and extrapulmonary at which this site from the basic part of a lung and is connected to it only fibrous crosspiece. it is usually observed in departments of the bottom shares of a lung, more often at the left. Clinically it is shown at development of complications, mainly inflammations. In - lung department appear , filled with contents. They are well visible at radiological research-. At mark absence of filling - with contrast substance of bronchial tubes of corresponding department of a lung.

Ventilation Of Premises In Mines, Shops Of Factories

ventilation of premises in mines, shops of factories and the - factories making asbestos, varnishes, substance, etc. Workers of these enterprises not less often than 1 time in 6 should - be exposed to careful medical examination and photoroentgenography for revealing of early displays of a cancer of a lung. Sanitary-educational work should promote reduction of number of smokers. Pathological anatomy: the lung cancer develops - from bronchial tubes and bronchial e. Allocate three basic histologic kinds: 1) a cancer (with , without , not differentiated-); 2) a ferruterous cancer of various degree of differentiation; 3) not differentiated cancer (, or ). Quite often histologic structure in different sites - of a tumour is various. In these cases speak about (having two kinds cages) and (cages having three kind) tumours. From integumentary bronchial tubes develops a cancer, from bronchial glands - - ferruterous. In early stages a lung cancer find out in the form of a plaque or on a bronchial tube mucous membrane.

Despite Variety Of Clinical Displays Of A Cancer

Despite variety of clinical displays of a cancer - of a lung, it is possible to allocate some the most typical variants of its current. The central cancer. ( and ) tumours in an initial phase of the development do not give typical - clinical displays. The beginning of cough patients, especially - smokers, carry the account of an aggravation of a bronchitis. Sometimes patients complain of some difficulty of the exhalation, "whistling" breath. At radiological research during this period it is possible - to note occurrence (caused by difficulty - of an exhalation) emphysemas of a site of the pulmonary fabric ventilated through the amazed bronchial tube, and also symptom presence Goltsk-nehta - Yakobson (displacement towards the amazed lung at a fast deep breath). Further cough - it becomes frequent hoarse, in there are blood proveins. The local emphysema is replaced by occurrence of a zone of hypoveins-tiljatsii of a corresponding part of a lung. In this period more often after overcooling develops cancer -.

Outflow Of Blood From Vessels Of Large Bronchial

Outflow of blood from vessels of large bronchial tubes occurs on the bronchial veins running into unpaired and semiunpaired veins, and from capillaries of small bronchial tubes directly - in a branch of pulmonary veins Between branches of small pulmonary arteries and veins are available shunts which in norm do not function and open only in the presence of a number of pathological conditions. As from pulmonary vessels in - bronchial, and on the contrary, from bronchial arteries in pulmonary vessels, blood dump Lymphatic system of a lung is possible is well developed and consists from: 1) initial networks of lymphatic capillaries, 2) textures, 3) taking away vessels which join lymphatic channels. Allocate four groups lymph nodes: 1) intrapulmonary, located in lungs and in places of division of bronchial tubes-, 2) , lying in area of gate and a lung root, in yax divisions of the main thing and share bronchial tubes, 3) , located in a place tracheas, 4) , located along a trachea. The lymph current goes from periphery to a root of a lung and to a confluence of a lymphatic - channel passes at least through one of a lymph knots.

At Radiological Research - Increase Of A Transparency

At radiological research - increase of a transparency and pauperisation of pulmonary drawing in the field of an emphysema is visible. Treatment - delete the changed department of a lung At development of "a pressure syndrome", sharp frustration of breath and a haemodyne removal make urgently. If disease accepts a chronic current, at the account of possibility of normalisation of elements - of a wall of a bronchial tube in the course of growth and development of the child with operation it is not necessary to hasten and apply it only at the phenomena of respiratory insufficiency DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES of VESSELS of LUNGS and vessels of easy Nedorazvitie of vessels of a lung it is usually combined with or absence of a share or all lung, an emphysema, a pneumosclerosis, . At development of inflammatory process in the changed lung the condition of the patient worsens. Treatment: at satisfactory function of the second lung removal of its changed department is shown. Arteriovenoznye aneurysms and fistulas.

- Omission Of Mammary Glands. Loss Of Elasticity

- omission of mammary glands. Loss of elasticity - of fabrics promotes with the years progressing of disease at - corpulent women, and also at a sharp weight loss There is a pain owing to blood circulation infringement, , a hypostasis, - skin pleated under a mammary gland. Treatment: at moderately expressed recommend carrying of the free bodices made under individual orders to Young women it is possible to recommend plastic operations with the cosmetic purpose. MAMMARY GLAND DAMAGES Cracks of nipples arise after the delivery and in the first months of a lactation. Aetiology: features of a structure of nipples (involved, - underdeveloped), easy vulnerability of a skin of a nipple at feeding - of the child, insufficient hygienic care of dummies during Crack feeding can be single and plural, superficial and deep. At deep cracks bleedings are possible. Treatment: it is directed on acceleration of healing of cracks - 1) before feeding carefully process dummies - disinfectant solutions (40 50 % spirit, a solution 1-5000), 2) after feeding put bandages (with lanolin, vaseline, the ointments containing , 5 % ointment), before feeding delete ointment, 3) physiotherapeutic procedures (an ultra-violet irradiation of area of nipples) Preventive maintenance: it is spent before sorts (regular - massage of nipples and a mammary gland, mammary glands - by serially warm and cold water, wiping by a rough towel).

The Tachycardia Reaches 120 In A Minute And

The tachycardia reaches 120 in a minute and more, is quite often accompanied vibrating -, warm insufficiency II - III degrees on Lang. The basic - exchange of +60 % and more, weight of a body sharply decreases. - Work capacity is lost. Treatment: there are three principal views of treatment - - medicamentous therapy, treatment _131, surgical intervention. Medicamentous therapy is directed on regulation of functions of the central nervous system, , vegetative nervous - system. Apply and sedative means (, , etc.), on 0,1 - 0,25 mg 3 times a day. At the expressed tachycardia appoint beta-blokatory.kotorye reduce hyperfunction of a myocardium at the expense of decrease in arterial pressure, minute emission of blood, slow down a rhythm knot. For decrease in hormonal function of a thyroid gland - application of preparations of iodine in a combination with tireostati-cheskimi preparations is necessary. Which appoint in doses to 40 - 60 mg/sut; at remission approach establish - supporting dose of a preparation 5 - 10 mg/days By preoperative - preparation or during the moment a crisis at over-pochechnikovoj insufficiency use which - block peripheral action and detain him .

- Symmetric Mammary Glands - Happens At Diseases

- symmetric mammary glands - happens at diseases of children's age. Treatment: consists in correction infringements. At adult women it is necessary to recommend plastic operations - with the cosmetic purpose. - the increase in mammary glands - happens is especially expressed at children's age, in the period and during pregnancy. In the reproductive period it is observed - in less expressed form. at girls about 10 years are elderly is caused by disease the systems, - causing premature puberty. At boys it is possible to observe at gormonalno-active tumours of sexual glands. , arisen in pu-bertatnom the period and during pregnancy, quickly progresses. The mammary gland can reach the enormous sizes. At , a life - of the woman coming in the active reproductive period - out of pregnancy, growth of a mammary gland has no such impetuous character, as in the period and during pregnancy. can be true (increase - in a ferruterous fabric) and false (excessive development of a fatty fabric) Treatment: at children it is directed on treatment - diseases If has arisen out of pregnancy at adult - women, spend a resection of a mammary gland and plastic operations.

At Radiological Research After An Abscess Define A

At radiological research after an abscess define a cavity, sometimes with liquid level. In the beginning it has indistinct contours owing to inflammations. On a measure - an abscess and - inflammatory process - in a circle of border of an abscess become more accurate. If there is a - corking of the aperture conducting in a bronchial tube, the body temperature raises again. At a - good drainage the condition gradually improves and - there comes recover. More hard plural abscesses - of a lung proceed-. 0 they happen metapneumonic and - arise against - inflammatory - extensive sites pulmonary . Break of one of the formed abscesses in a bronchial tree - does not lead to essential reduction of an intoxication and improvement of a condition - of the patient as in a pulmonary fabric there are centres and purulent fusion. Makes heavier a condition developing are purulent a bronchitis with plentiful branch fetid . Fizikalnoe research defines backlog at thorax breath on the defeat party, dullness at according to one, or two shares of a lung; - set of rattles of different calibre.

At In The Field Of Diligence - A

At in the field of diligence - a bubble mark . The auskultativnye data is very various: rattles - at an inflammation; - bronchial, sometimes breath - in the presence of a cavity with air. , located at a lung root, and also the small sizes do not give the specified changes. Radiological research allows to find out in a - lung one or the several roundish or the oval form of homogeneous - shades with equal contours. However diagnostics - is complicated because the shade not always has equal contours. Quite often they change owing to inflammations; adjacent bronchial tubes causes a pulmonary fabric - that complicates treatment of revealed changes. At �destruction of a parasite and partial liquids between a chitinous cover and a fibrous capsule the free - space which at comes to light in the form of air sickle ("a symptom ") is formed-. At this - space is filled with contrast substance (a phenomenon ). At break in a bronchial tube the radiological picture is similar observed at a lung abscess - the - cavity with equal internal walls and liquid level comes to light-.

The Skin Over Is Not Changed, Mobile. Has

The skin over is not changed, mobile. has a smooth surface, a consistence; It is possible to define dense , going from to a hypoglossal bone. Its sizes can periodically change, if the message with an oral cavity through shchitovidno-jazychnyj a channel is kept. At an inflammation there is a pain at swallowing, arises - painful without a clear boundary in area . At a suppuration - there is a destruction of its cover, fusion of soft fabrics over it, the fistula is formed. Sometimes last - is formed in connection with the surgical intervention made at formation of an abscess. Lateral and neck fistulas. An aetiology: it is not specified, consider that they are formed owing to anomaly of development of a zobno-pharyngeal channel, branchiate arches, cracks and pharyngeal pockets. Clinic and diagnostics: it is localised in the top - department of a neck ahead grudinokljuchichno-sostsevidnoj muscles, at level the general carotid, more often at the left; - represents the roundish formation accurately delimited from surrounding - fabrics.

In A Prone Position, And Also At The

In a prone position, and also at the physical activity raising intrabelly pressure, these phenomena decrease. The diagnosis: to a diagnosis establishment helps at which during a breath it is possible to note a webby part of a trachea in a direction. Treatment: the radical surgical. Operation consists in strengthening of a webby part of a trachea by a bone transplant. FISTULAS Fistulas between a trachea and a gullet can be congenital and got. Congenital fistulas grow out of incomplete closing a course from a primary gut in a respiratory tube, are formed in process of the general bookmark. More often fistulas are localised on 1 - 2 sm above tracheas and combined with or a gullet stenosis. Various variants tra-heopishchevodnyh fistulas can be observed. Congenital fistulas without a gullet are observed less often, located at level C7 - D1 vertebras. The basic clinical - displays fistulas: fits of coughing at feeding, development , a pneumonia. The diagnosis specify a - method contrast through , entered - into a gullet.

Clinical Displays: Skin Defeat (an Itch, , A

Clinical displays: skin defeat (an itch, , a dummy, crusts, , superficial - bleeding ), nipple deformation, nipple destruction, a tumour in a mammary gland. Metastasises in lymph nodes appear rather late. The diagnosis confirms detection large "cages of Pedzheta" at - research of crusts, , contents of vials. Diagnostics: difficulties at - statement of the diagnosis of a cancer of a mammary gland - arise only in - initial stages - of disease. The tumour - of a mammary gland in diameter - 5 - 10 mm, especially - if it is located - in deep departments of a mammary gland - of the big size, even the most skilled doctor cannot reveal at . Early - diagnostics is possible at inspection - of the women - making group - of raised risk (- women are more senior 35 years; women with - mammary gland diseases-; operated in the past - on a mammary gland-; a - uterus suffering - by diseases, - appendages, ; women in whom during mass - preventive - inspection - shades on have been found out-; women with an adverse - heredity).