In Dependence O Degrees Of The Specified Frustration

In dependence o degrees of the specified frustration of the patient can complain of a short wind, palpitation, sometimes stitches. At objective research it is visible a face skin, brushes of hands, at heavy frustration of breath to it accompany - pallor, cold Hoi, a tachycardia. At a thorax over area of a congestion of air define , breath is not spent or sharply weakened. helps to specify the diagnosis. At spontaneous the lung collapse while at , reaching even very big sizes, lightness of a pulmonary fabric remains is visible. Treatment: depends on character and volume . At asymptomatic small (within 5 - 20 % of a pleural cavity) special medical actions are not required. Air is usually soaked up within several days and the lung finishes independently. Sometimes happens it is necessary to accelerate evacuation of air 1 - 2 pleural punctures. If, despite the made punctures, - it is kept, it is necessary on 2 - 3 days a pleural cavity. A rubber drainage usually spend in the second - the third on lines with the help .

Rezetsirovannyj Sector Direct For Histologic Research - After

Rezetsirovannyj sector direct for histologic research - after which the question on the further tactics is dealt with. The international classification of a cancer - of a mammary gland At definition of a stage of disease consider degree of distribution of process ( - tumour), a condition lymph nodes (N - nodulus) and presence of the remote metastasises (M - metastasis). - a primary tumour. Tis - . (carcinoma in situ), or a nipple cancer (a cancer of Pedzheta) when the tumour in a mammary gland is not defined. THAT - the tumour in a mammary gland is not defined. 1 - The tumour in diameter to 2 see 2 - A tumour in diameter from 2 to 5 sm, the cancer of Pedzheta extending for limits a dummy. - the tumour in diameter from 5 to 10 see 4 - A tumour in diameter more than 10 sm or the defeat of a skin surpassing the sizes of a tumour. N - lymph nodes. NO - axillary lymph nodes on the defeat party are not palpated. N1 - Axillary lymph nodes on the defeat party are palpated, dense. N2 _ axillary lymph nodes on the defeat party big, are connected among themselves, the mobile.

Calculation Of Absolute Quantity In 1 Is Necessary

Calculation of absolute quantity in 1 is necessary thus for blood. A widespread method is also in vitro under influence or in . Exact enough representation about a condition gives to reactance of patients research of indicators about the test culture . Define following indicators: 1) - activity of leukocytes peripheral blood (in percentage - active leukocytes on 100 counted up), 2) a completeness indicator - number percentage microbes to total number (on 100 phagocytes), 3) - the average of the microbes - grasped by a phagocyte Decrease of these indicators at dynamic research testifies to decrease protection of an organism and specifies number - in necessity of its stimulation. DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE TRACHEA tracheas consists in partial or a trachea total absence. The child with this developmental anomaly perishes right after births. The congenital stenosis of a trachea can be primary owing to narrowing of a gleam of a trachea or secondary at it from the outside of increased gland, congenital -, abnormal vessels etc.

Metastasises In Lymph Nodes Are Frequent. The Diagnosis

Metastasises in lymph nodes are frequent. The diagnosis base on the data of clinical and cytologic researches . At early stages of disease it is shown radical on Holstedu. In the presence of metastasises the combined - and complex therapy is shown-. The greatest effect gives with the subsequent therapy . MAMMARY GLAND SARCOMA Malignant tumour; makes nearby 1 % of all malignant - tumours of a mammary gland. A consistence of a tumour from soft to . Tumour borders long time remain accurate. In late terms there is a communication of a tumour with a nipple and a skin, metastasises in lymph nodes. The sarcoma reaches the big size. Consists of one or several knots as though merging together. Cytologic research confirms the diagnosis. Treatment: surgical, combined with beam and - chemotherapy at observance of the same principles, as at a mammary gland cancer. TRACHEA, LUNGS, PLEURA The right and left lungs occupy the most part of a thorax and under the form are similar on in planes a cone. Each lung is concluded in a pleural bag.

At A Lung Cancer This Symptom Is Described

At a lung cancer this symptom is described by Fried. At a local - emphysema - , and at hypoventilation or - - shortening a sound over the amazed part of a lung. Bronhoskopichesky research gives the chance to reveal - tumour presence in a gleam of a bronchial tube and to make . Peribronhialnye tumours. The bronchial tube gleam at these tumours long time remains well passed, therefore, except strengthening of cough, nothing disturbs patients. At radiological research during this period it is possible to find out expansion of a root of a lung, presence of knot of a tumour, - looking like "a goose pad". At in the beginning comes to light only bronchial tube walls that complicates - diagnostics. In process of narrowing of a gleam of a bronchial tube by a tumour - hypoventilation, and then a pulmonary fabric with - displays typical - for them develops--: body rise in temperature, a short wind-, etc. At a cancer quite often first expression - of disease attracting attention of the patient, the - symptoms caused of a tumour in lymph nodes or remote bodies (quite often backbone, head and a spinal cord with characteristic neurologic - semiology) are--.

Sometimes Treatment By Iodine Strengthens Proliferativ Th Processes

Sometimes treatment by iodine strengthens proliferativ th processes in a mammary gland that can be connected with fabrics and increase in development - of an estrogen. The medical effect in this case can - be reached ( or ). At insufficiency of function of a yellow body in second half a cycle apply a progesterone. Preventive maintenance: timely treatment of infringements of functions - of glands of internal secretion, the frustration of female sexual sphere promoting occurrence . - disease of mammary glands at men. At boys it can be observed at - gormonalno-active tumours of sexual glands. Development can be observed at infringement of function of a hypophysis, a bark of adrenal glands, to meet at a cirrhosis-. Clinical forms : it is characteristic for young men, central meets at people of mature age. Treatment: should be directed on normalisation of functions - bodies. At the forms which are not giving in - to hormonal treatment, delete a mammary gland with nipple preservation urgent histologic research of a macropreparation Is necessary.

Laboratory Data Depends More On A Stage Of

Laboratory data depends more on a stage of development of disease-. It is quite often possible to note (more than 4 %), at a suppuration - increase , . To diagnosis statement appreciably (more than at 75 % of patients) helps test of Kazoni at which into thickness of a skin of a forearm enter 0,1 ml sterile a liquid (antigene), into a skin of other forearm for the control enter the same quantity of an isotonic solution of chloride - of sodium. At the patient through 30 mines - Zch round an introduction place liquids appear , hypostases and a skin itch which keep from several o'clock to 1 - 2 days Confirm the diagnosis also positive reaction of latex-agglutination. At it observe agglutination by antibodies - of particles of latex on which surface the antigene is adsorbed. Combination of presence of the roundish form of a shade to equal contours in a lung in a x-ray picture and positive test of Kazoni or the Latex-test do the diagnosis doubtless. At negative test the differential diagnosis spend - between , , peripheral -, i.

These Receptions Give The Chance To Define, -

These receptions give the chance to define, - whether the form and the sizes of mammary glands are identical, whether at one level mammary glands and dummies, whether have appeared changes in area of a nipple and , skin, swellings. Palpation of mammary glands and axillary hollows. - it is facilitated in position on a back. At inspection - of an external half of right mammary gland it is necessary to put under the right shovel a small pillow or the small platen from a towel, the right hand to extend along a trunk. Palpation make finger-tips of the left hand. Soft circular motions of a hand, slightly pressing on a mammary gland, feel all its departments. At first survey the mammary gland centre (- nipple area-), and then feel it, following from a nipple in a direction to - external edge of a mammary gland on radius up, then -, downwards. At palpation of an internal half of right mammary gland it is necessary to put the right hand under a head, and inspection to spend the left hand in the same sequence - from the centre to internal edge of a mammary gland on radius up, then , downwards.

PLEURA The Pathological Processes Causing Morphological It From

PLEURA The pathological processes causing morphological it from and infringements of function, are diverse Distinguish grasses pleura damages, inflammatory processes, pair diseases and pleura new growths TRAUMATIC DAMAGES of the PLEURA Pleura damages arise at the closed trauma of a thorax or its getting wounds, can be accompanied by one temporarily damage of a chest wall, a pulmonary fabric or other bodies, a congestion to a pleural cavity of air ( a cancer), blood , blood and air , liquids , accumulation , pus , pus and air . Development with the subsequent blood or in a pleural cavity can owing to a trauma, and also at break in a pleural cavity , an abscess or a lung, - destruction of a wall of a bronchial tube at disintegration of a tumour or tubercular hectare and can be result seams of an operational wound or their divergence at a suppuration On the end, it can be created is artificial with the diagnostic or medical purpose On character of the message with an environment and opened As special forms allocate and strained Opened .

The Thyroid Gland Increase At Can Reach Various

The thyroid gland increase at can reach various degree, its sizes do not correspond to weight of clinical displays. Sometimes thyroid gland increases it is not defined at all. The most expressed clinical - displays mark at a toxic craw. The basic symptoms are changes from outside nervous and cardiovascular system. Frustration from outside the central nervous system are shown by the raised - mental excitability, anxiety, unmotivated - mood swings, irritability and tearfulness-. Sharp increase of activity of sympathetic nervous - system is accompanied , a tremor of all body and fingers of hands (a symptom of Mari). The person often reddens, - becomes covered by red stains which extend on a neck and a breast. A body temperature constantly . Suhozhilnye reflexes are live and . Hair drop out, their colour changes, fragility of nails is marked. Pulse labile, becomes frequent at the slightest mental and physical activities. Changes of arterial pressure are observed - pressure raises owing to have withdrawn warm emission and volume of circulating blood, and dia-stolicheskoe decreases in connection with reduction of a vascular tone as a result insufficiency.

RESEARCH METHODS Objective Data About The Form, The

RESEARCH METHODS Objective data about the form, the sizes, the consistence and - mobility of a thyroid gland can receive at survey and glands. Even at small increase in a thyroid gland survey allows to establish craw presence, its localisation -(the right or left share, gland isthmus, "a diving" craw), its mobility at movements, character of hyperplastic process (central, a craw). At zagrudin th craw swelling of veins of a neck and a forward surface of a thorax is often visible. Besides, already survey allows to reveal - symptoms, characteristic for infringement of function of a thyroid gland (uneasy behaviour of the patient, eye symptoms, trembling of hands, etc.). glands are better for spending in position of the patient sitting a back to the doctor, with slightly inclined head forward and downwards. In such position of a muscle of a neck relax also gland becomes - more accessible to research. Four fingers of each hand have on gland, and thumbs cover a neck behind. During time glands of the patient ask to do movements.

At Older Persons In A Trachea Calcium Salts

At older persons in a trachea calcium salts are postponed. It at radiological research gives more dense shade. The expanded aorta, , tumours can displace it aside. The right main bronchial tube departs from a trachea under more acute angle, than left, and is as though its continuation It conducts to more frequent hit in a branch of the right main bronchial tube of foreign matters, emetic weights the - Lymph nodes located under of a trachea, at presence in them of metastasises do a corner of division of bronchial tubes by more stupid, round off its top Over the left bronchial tube there is an aorta arch, over right, being thrown through it, an unpaired vein (v. azygos) which joins the top hollow vein. The main bronchial tubes share on share, right - on three, left - on two branches Continuing to share on segmentary and subsegmentary, they decrease in diameter, pass in small bronchial tubes, and then in . Lungs lungs share a deep furrow on two unequal shares - top and bottom. Besides, in the right lung the top share shares in addition on top and average.

DAMAGES OF LUNGS Damages Of Lungs Can Be

DAMAGES OF LUNGS Damages of lungs can be opened and closed. Damages of bronchial tubes as well as trachea damage, happen a consequence of the closed trauma at bruises and a thorax during time failures and other road incidents is more often. Symptoms sometimes appear only at development of a stenosis of the bronchial tube which has arisen on a place of rupture At cross-section rupture of a bronchial tube by an outcome can be a lung or a share, the pneumonia, found out at radiological research In other supervision a trauma causes a grave condition of the patient: the shock, cough, , development strained -, the Definitive diagnosis put emphysemas on the basis of the data . Treatment depends on terms of statement of the diagnosis at rupture - of bronchial tubes At the early diagnosis if the condition a pain allows, make emergency operation-ushivanie rupture or at extensive damages reconstructive operation. At impossibility of its performance in connection with weight of a condition - of the victim in the beginning a pleural cavity, , spend antishock therapy If bronchial tube rupture diagnose late at developed , make the operation which volume is defined by a condition of a lung or its share In case of irreversible changes the resection of a share or all lung is shown.

3. Rational Antibacterial Therapy Should Be Constructed Taking

3. Rational antibacterial therapy should be constructed taking into account sensitivity of the flora sowed from -. In the absence of the data about sensitivity of flora it is expedient - to use antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action (amino-glikozidy, , etc.) in a combination with , metronidazole . Besides introduction of antibiotics intravenously, intramuscularly or through a mouth, it is necessary to enter them into a bronchial tree or an abscess cavity (in the form of an aerosol, through at , in an abscess cavity at an abscess puncture). 4. Normalisation of warm activity reach cardiacs. For and microcirculation improvements it is necessary to use a haemomisinformation, . 5. Therapy has great value . Repeated blood transfusions, plasmas, introduction IgG (gamma globulin), medical whey raise reactance of an organism-. It is promoted also by some medicamentous means: , , , etc. At staphylococcal introduction or others fatty , used for a food is necessary also. Fat entered into a blood channel connects - bacterial and reduces their destroying - action by a pulmonary fabric.

Breath Infringements Are More Expressed At A Stenosis

Breath infringements are more expressed at a stenosis of a large bronchial tube. Infection joining, development cause a clinical picture, characteristic for illnesses (see more low) . Anomalies of blood supply of a share or a segment of the lung, not having a bronchial tube, name the sequester "Sekvestrirovannyj" lung department the abnormal - artery departing from an aorta Distinguish intrashare at which the site of the lung which has been not connected with a bronchial tree, is in thickness of a share, and extrapulmonary at which this site from the basic part of a lung and is connected to it only fibrous crosspiece. it is usually observed in departments of the bottom shares of a lung, more often at the left. Clinically it is shown at development of complications, mainly inflammations. In - lung department appear , filled with contents. They are well visible at radiological research-. At mark absence of filling - with contrast substance of bronchial tubes of corresponding department of a lung.