Treatment: The Surgical. Depending On The Sizes -

Treatment: the surgical. Depending on the sizes - of a tumour - a sectoral resection at the small sizes of a tumour or simple at formations in diameter more than 8 - 10 sm with urgent histologic research of a macropreparation. At malignant regeneration of a tumour should be executed radical on Holstedu the Further treatment - it is defined by the data researches - of lymph nodes. The mammary gland adenoma meets seldom, it is difficult - for distinguishing from . The adenoma is accurately delimited from a surrounding fabric of a mammary gland. The correct diagnosis is possible only after histologic research of a macropreparation. Papillomas of channels of a mammary gland develop in the channels connected with a nipple, and in smaller channels. Clinic and diagnostics: allocation from nipples , brown, ; sometimes small chest pains. gives the chance to find out defects of filling - in channels, precisely to define localisation of papillomas. Defects of filling have accurate contours, roundish outlines.

They Increase Glucose And In Intestines And Their

They increase glucose and in intestines and their expense in cages; , disintegration also reduce its maintenance in a liver; render beings influence on a fatty exchange. The thyroid gland hormone together with parathyroid glands regulates a calcium and phosphorus exchange. Pathological anatomy. The majority - thyroid gland disease - causes increase in its sizes. It can be caused fabrics of a thyroid gland at the expense of excessive accumulation in follicles, development of inflammatory process, tumour growth. Craw - limited or the increase in a thyroid gland having in a basis hyperplastic or degenerate changes. Two basic forms distinguish: (usually a microfollicular central craw) and the - generated follicles ( a toxic craw). Strictly it is impossible to differentiate them, as they are often combined. - happens , uniform on all gland, and in separate sites from which knots can develop. name a craw if expansion of follicles and accumulation in them is sharply expressed. Besides, allocate regressive forms to which carry fibrous, and a craw.

The Greatest Distribution - Has Received Radical ,

The greatest distribution - has received radical , the offered V.Holstedom and V.Mejerom, - mammary gland removal by the uniform block with small and big pectoral muscles and (with - lymph nodes) , and subscapular areas. At not palpated cancer of a mammary gland and at a cancer I, __ and stages, older persons, at a bilateral cancer choice operation can have an operation on Pejti - mammary gland removal - by the uniform block with a small chest muscle and (with - lymph nodes) axillary, and subscapular areas. The survival rate of patients after operation on Pejti does not concede to results of operation of Holsteda. The best functional and cosmetic results give the chance to use more widely operation of Pejti At elderly patients with heavy accompanying diseases and the raised risk of operation carry out simple with removal axillary area. In I and __ and stages at tumour localisation in the central and medial departments of a mammary gland some oncologists - apply expanded (podkryltsovo-grudinnuju) on Urbanu.

Activators Of A Sharp Mastitis: , In A

Activators of a sharp mastitis: , in a - combination to an intestinal stick, to a streptococcus; seldom - , a stick, fungi. Paramount value give to an intrahospital infection. Entrance gate of an infection - cracks of nipples. Infection penetration through channels is possible at milk decantation, feeding, less often it gets or a way from other infectious centres. The great value at mastitis development has decrease in protective forces of an organism. Disease development is promoted by infringements of outflow of milk with development . Phases of development of a sharp mastitis: serous, and . In a phase of a serous inflammation the mammary gland fabric is impregnated by a serous liquid, round vessels the congestion of leukocytes is marked At inflammation progressing serous replaces purulent - a mammary gland with the small centres of purulent fusion which, merging, form abscesses On localisation abscesses divide on hypodermic, , , . Clinic and diagnostics: disease begins with a pain and a mammary gland, body rise in temperature.

At Which Find Out A Branch Departing From

at which find out a branch departing from an aorta to a lung part, gives the chance to make the definitive diagnosis of developmental anomaly Treatment: in the presence of inflammatory process in - its resection is shown a lung part. Congenital an emphysema. At this developmental anomaly defect of development rings of a share or segmentary bronchial tube takes place. Are possible also a bronchial tube excess, its vessels, the mucous membrane hypertrophy, leading - to partial obstruction. Formation the mechanism conducts to a sharp swelling a lung. The sharp swelling of a part of a lung - leads its next departments, to displacement -. Clinical symptoms can appear right after births. The short wind, cough, attacks are characteristic at feeding. Joining of an infection and pneumonia development is quite often marked. At a chronic current there comes adaptation of an organism to the conditions caused by an emphysema which, reaching certain volume, ceases to accrue. Fizikalnoe research in most cases allows a cart to make the presumable diagnosis at survey mark a thorax according to emphysema area, expansion of intercostal intervals, at a sound.

Within Several Days There Is A Maturing And

Within several days there is a maturing and a softening - of a furuncle with a hair follicle and tearing away fabrics. At tearing away process - fabrics occurs is longer. Inflammatory can extend on hypodermic and , conduct to abscess or phlegmon formation. The condition of such patients becomes heavier: a body temperature high-, pulse frequent, a collapse. - , towering over a surface skin, sharp morbidity at . Treatment: in formation conservative (, therapy). At progressing of process and operation is shown: opening of an abscess or fabrics at , - antibiotics, therapy. an abscess and phlegmons. The purulent - process developing in a connecting fabric, settling down - under the big chest muscle, quite often begins with an - inflammation lymph nodes. The activator is a streptococcus is more often. As an infection source - inflammatory processes of a skin of a brush, a shoulder, a forearm, a - mammary gland, a neck or a head serve-. Owing to a deep arrangement - of the inflamed lymph nodes process extends on lymphatic ways deep into, can pass to a pleura and .

The Sporadic Craw Arises At The People Living

The sporadic craw arises at the people living out of - areas , owing to insufficient iodine in intestines, hormonal infringements, etc. Is observed at - women in 8 - 10 times more often, than at men. Clinic and diagnostics: a leading symptom - and a sporadic craw is the thyroid gland increase. Survey and allow to define degree of increase in a thyroid gland: - About degree - gland is not visible and is not palpated; - I degree - gland is not visible, but the isthmus is probed and is visible at movements; - II degree - during swallowing is visible and the - thyroid gland is well probed-, but the neck form is not changed; - III degree of iron is appreciable approximately at survey, changes a neck contour, giving it a kind of "a thick neck"; - IV degree - obviously expressed craw breaking a configuration - of a neck; - V degree - increased gland reaches the huge sizes - that is quite often accompanied a gullet, a trachea with swallowing and breath infringement. On a functional condition the craw can be: - thyroid gland function is raised; - thyroid gland function is not broken; - thyroid gland function is lowered.

In Connection With Prevalence , Variety Morphological Change,

In connection with prevalence , variety morphological change, clinical forms of a current, features of treatment the tuberculosis of lungs is considered in special managements. It is necessary to underline, however, that the differential diagnosis - between a tuberculosis and a number of other diseases of the lungs often demanding application of surgical treatment, represents difficulties Besides, quite often those or other pathological - processes (a cancer, , proof a share or all lung, etc.) develop against a tuberculosis or last - even is an immediate cause from development In these cases surgical treatment often happens it is necessary to combine All stated with intensive antitubercular medicamentous therapy does necessary careful research of each patient with disease of lungs for the purpose of revealing at it a tuberculosis of lungs. The majority of patients with various forms of a tuberculosis of lungs accepts surgical intervention - removal - of the amazed part of the easy Indication to a lung resection at a tuberculosis can be shown in following groups.

, Arrived From A Thyroid Gland In A

, arrived from a thyroid gland in a vascular channel, contacts fibers of whey owing to what concentration iodine in blood is often used as an indicator activity of a thyroid gland. Now many researchers consider Tz and 4 as forms uniform a hormone, and ( <) it is necessary to consider as a prohormone, or the transport form, and Tz - the basic form of a hormone. Regulation of synthesis and secretion of hormones of a thyroid gland is carried out by the central nervous system through gipotalamo-gipofizarnuju system. - the tireotropin-rilizing-hormone which, getting to a hypophysis, stimulates development . on a blood channel reaches a thyroid gland and regulates its growth and function. Between the central nervous system, a hypophysis and a thyroid gland there is also a feedback. At surplus hormones hypophysis function goes down, and at their deficiency raises. Increase of production - results not only in strengthening of function of a thyroid gland, but also to or central it . and stimulate processes of oxidation and strengthen the oxygen expense in the fabrics, necessary for normal growth of an organism, play the important role in a salt and water exchange, stimulate fiber synthesis.

Periodically Arising Aggravations Lead - To Involving In

Periodically arising aggravations lead - to involving in inflammatory process of new sites of a lung, to growth - of a connecting fabric in a circle of an abscess and on a course of bronchial tubes-, to a thrombosis of vessels There are conditions for development new , a widespread bronchitis. Fusion of blood clots and in bronchial tubes conduct to to bleedings from - branches of bronchial arteries. Thus, the chain of pathoanatomical changes at chronic abscesses (single or plural) excludes possibility of an absolute recovery of the patient Clinic and diagnostics: two basic forms, or type, a current of chronic abscesses allocate. The first type. The sharp stage comes to the end with clinical recover - of the patient or considerable improvement. The patient write out - from a hospital with a normal body temperature. Changes in a lung are treated as the limited pneumosclerosis, sometimes with "a dry cavity". After an extract the condition remains - satisfactory, and the patient quite often starts to work.

Sometimes On Roentgenograms Are Visible To A Shade

Sometimes on roentgenograms are visible to a shade (gleams of the expanded - bronchial tubes), the pulmonary drawing caused - available at . gives the chance to characterise precisely - features of pathological process and its prevalence. come to light in the form of plural cylindrical or expansions of bronchial tubes with accurate contours. In the field of an arrangement small - branchings of bronchial tubes and an alveolus are not filled with contrast substance-. In the presence of accompanying the expanded bronchial tubes are pull together among themselves while at absence they occupy the usual position. The clinical semiology at illnesses varies depending on a stage of its development. It is possible to allocate three stages of development of disease, in general corresponding - to the stages of morphological changes resulted above in lungs of the Stage of development illnesses the Initial - stage. Cough changeable, the mucopurulent. Aggravations - of disease with a clinical picture the rare.

Quite Often (especially At A Craw) Patients Complain

Quite often (especially at a craw) patients complain of a weight condition in a head at body inclinations. At survey of these patients it is possible to note expansion of veins of a neck, characteristic drawing -"a head of a jellyfish" in the field of the top part of a chest wall. Breath infringement causes development of the changes - characterised as " heart". a sympathetic trunk - causes occurrence of a syndrome of Gornera (, , ), change half of body on the party . At a hypoglossal craw owing to a pushing off breath is broken. At a craw located behind a gullet, the complicated swallowing is marked, especially at head turn. Radiological research allows to establish a - barium delay - at level a craw, gullet displacement or in a direction. The aberrantnyj craw - pathologically increased additional - thyroid gland, often is exposed to malignant regeneration-. Quite often for a craw accept metastasises of a cancer of a thyroid gland in neck lymph nodes. Treatment: at small craws appoint -.

A Tuberculosis Gets Through Lacteal Channels, And Also

a tuberculosis gets through lacteal channels, and also on lymphatic ways from a lung root, , - axillary lymph nodes and a way at sharp a tuberculosis. Forms of a tuberculosis of a mammary gland knotty, ulcer, sclerous and . Clinic and diagnostics a dummy, dense without accurate contours, a skin, in - axillary area the dense, increased lymph nodes. On the basis of these signs the mammary gland tuberculosis can - be accepted for a cancer. The diagnosis establish on the basis of the anamnesis data (a - tuberculosis of lungs, lymph nodes and ) and histologic research or remote sector of a mammary gland. Treatment surgical - and - carrying out of specific antitubercular therapy. The mammary gland syphilis meets seldom. Clinic and diagnostics primary defeat in about a dummy, (firm ) the limited ulcer with dense -. Axillary lymph nodes are increased, but leaky In the secondary period of a syphilis are available and the rash on a skin the Tertiary syphilis proceeds in the form of single . At first in thickness of a mammary gland there is a dense knot which in process of increase a skin, is formed an - ulcer reminding the breaking up cancer tumour or a tuberculosis.

Sometimes For Intoxication Reduction It Is Necessary To

Sometimes for intoxication reduction it is necessary to resort to opening of abscesses. PURULENT DISEASES OF LUNGS Purulent diseases of lungs make the big group - of the pathological processes developing in a pulmonary fabric. They - are diverse for the occurrence reasons, morphological changes-, clinical displays. Any microflora specific to purulent diseases is not present. They can be caused a streptococcus, , , , and other kinds of microflora. Great value in development of purulent diseases of lungs have group Bacteroides bacteria ( Fragilis, etc.), Peptostreptococcus anaerobicus, etc. At the special technique of crops excluding contact of microorganisms with - air, and long cultivation of culture in their thermostat it is possible to reveal at 80 - 90 % of patients with purulent diseases of lungs. are tolerant to widely used antibiotics-, are sensitive to metronidazole and - preparations similar to it- Distinguish following forms of purulent diseases of lungs: Classification purulent disease of lungs I Infectious lungs On character of pathological process: Abscess purulent or , a lung gangrene On presence of complications they can be not complicated and complicated (, pleurae, a bleeding, a sepsis).

PLEURAE (SHARP) Various On The Origin And Features

PLEURAE (SHARP) Various on the origin and features of a current inflammatory processes of a pleura unite one name - a pleurisy (pleuritis). Four principal views of reaction of a pleura in reply to action of damaging agents are known: development , serous, and a purulent pleurisy. In surgical clinic treat mainly sick with a purulent pleurisy. As at a purulent pleurisy pus accumulation occurs in the preprepared cavity, it name pleurae. The aetiology conducting the factor pleurae is penetration into a pleura of microbic flora and presence of favorable conditions for its development (presence , decrease in reactance of an organism, etc.) Depending on a source - distinguish - primary pleurae when takes place primary pleurae at getting - wounds or transpleural operations, and also - and secondary at which a source is already existing is purulent-infectious centre in an - organism. Distinguish following ways of distribution of the infectious agent on an extent (parapneumonic - developing - simultaneously with a pneumonia and metapneumonic - developing after a pneumonia pleurae, at purulent - diseases and a chest wall), and infection drift at purulent diseases of the remote bodies-.