The Abscess Quite Often Happens Is Located Close

The abscess quite often happens is located close to a lung surface, opening of an abscess and bacterial about pleurae with the subsequent development Proceeding from it therefore is possible, in the field of an abscess expediently the Soldering and union lung between and a pleura can reach the big density, bleed at a section, in these cases expediently at allocation it is easy to use an electroknife or an ultrasonic wave guide. Postoperative reaches till now 4 - 6 % At the majority of the patients who have transferred , work capacity is restored through 3 4 after operation After during the first half of the year transfer of patients into physical inability, then use into physically easy work in a warm premise without industrial is necessary. Pneumosclerosis after a lung abscess. Clinical treatment at the majority of patients with a lung abscess comes to the end in a lung of a cicatricial fabric with "a dry" cavity or the smaller size. These cavities well enough a bronchial tube which is deformed by a cicatricial fabric Cavity walls become covered thin by a cover and is frequent , crawling of bronchial tubes In a lung how many considerable, changes thus are absent.

Pathological Anatomy: During The Moment In A Pulmonary

Pathological anatomy: during the moment in a pulmonary fabric against morphological changes, - characteristic for a pneumonia, appears one or several sites . Under the influence of bacterial enzymes there is a purulent fusion weights, - the - cavity filled with pus is formed-. Destruction of a wall of one of the bronchial tubes which are in a zone , causes - pus receipt - in a bronchial tree. Further morphological changes are defined by a condition of reactance of the patient, - conditions an abscess and its sizes, a current - of inflammatory process in a surrounding pulmonary fabric. At single purulent abscesses the cavity is quickly enough released from pus, its walls are gradually cleared from weights and become covered by granulations, on an - abscess place the - hem or a narrow cavity is formed. At big it is bad cavities, long purulent fusion fabrics, presence of inflammatory process in surrounding departments of a lung clearing of a cavity from weights occurs slowly, in an abscess wall the dense cicatricial fabric, disturbing to healing is formed.

On Localisation Distinguish Cervical, , Partially , A

On localisation distinguish cervical, , partially , a craw and a craw of a root of language. At the - majority of sick infringements of function of a thyroid gland is not present, - however at the people living in places expressed , disease sometimes proceeds with the phenomena . At these patients reactions on external are slowed down, intellectual and - physical working capacity is lowered-. Patients mark slackness, . At research the bradycardia, decrease in reflexes comes to light. - Congenital - it is accompanied by development - which is characterised - by sharp backlog of physical and mental development. Symptoms: most often sick mark "feeling of awkwardness" - in the field of a neck at movement, a collar, - dry cough, hoarseness - of a voice, difficulty of breath. The last is connected with - walls of a trachea owing to - constant pressure of a craw with infringement of nervous regulation - of a trachea and a throat at their displacement aside. - Breath infringement - the most frequent symptom a craw.

Abscesses On Localisation Happen Peripheral And Central, Single

Abscesses on localisation happen peripheral and central, single and plural, unilateral and bilateral II Staphylococcal lungs III Nagnoivshiesja lungs (with the characteristic on presence of complications and localisation) AND THE LUNG GANGRENE Abscess and lung gangrene - qualitatively various - pathological processes. At an abscess the limited is purulent-destructive process in a pulmonary fabric takes place. Restriction of the inflammatory centre and transition of putrefactive disintegration in a suppuration testify to the - expressed protective reaction of an organism while the widespread - gangrene grows out progressing as a result of weak reactance or full areactivity - of an organism. Among patients men at the age of 30 - prevail 35 years, women are ill in 6 - 7 times less often that is connected with features of industrial activity of men, more widespread among them abusing alcohol and the smoking conducting to infringement of drainage function of the top respiratory ways. Aetiology and : the major factors - causing development of abscesses and a gangrene of a lung, are a pulmonary fabric (owing to a bronchial tube, and inflammations) blood circulation frustration in it, direct influence of toxins on a vacuum pulmonary fabric with the broken blood circulation.

A Thyroid Gland Carry Out Sympathetic And Parasympathetic

a thyroid gland carry out sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Thyroid gland hormones - (4) and , and also a hormone - . As the basic components for formation of hormones serve and amino acid . Iodine arrives in an organism with food, water, air in the form of organic and inorganic connection. The balance in an organism is subject to considerable fluctuations. The superfluous quantity is allocated from an organism with urine (98 %) and bile (2 %). In blood organic and inorganic connections of iodine form and sodium. Under the influence of oxidising enzymes and turn to elementary iodine. In a thyroid gland - joining of iodine to fiber begins. Atoms of iodine join in (the amino acid rest ). Meath and ( and ) do not possess hormonal activity, but are a substratum for formation hormones: - (4 - ) and . in 5 - 6 times surpass in activity and in 2 - 3 times on speed in an organism, its formation occurs basically not in a thyroid gland, and in peripheral fabrics and is carried out by partial - , iodine losing one atom.

Clinic And Diagnostics: All Forms Sharp Pleurae Have

Clinic and diagnostics: all forms sharp pleurae have common features - the intoxication, cough are typical for them, with allocation , a short wind, chest pains, body rise in temperature. Complaints of the patient not always can be connected with the beginning of inflammatory process in a pleura. They can be the disease sign which complication is - pleurae. Pains at primary are caused mainly by damage of soft fabrics of a thorax. At secondary pains in the amazed half of thorax have constant character, amplifying at breath, cough, change of position of a body. Usually sick separate a small amount . Long and frequent fits of coughing with significant amount branch , as a rule, testify to presence a fistula. Thus especially - patients separate a considerable quantity - in position on healthy to a side. The short wind is caused by a number of factors ("Patogenez" see). It is necessary to notice that it can be sharply expressed and at small quantity of pus in a pleural cavity as it happens, for example, at a pleurisy when deep breath is impossible because of sharp pains.

1 Currents Of Pathological - Process Caused As

1 currents of pathological - process Caused as features-. Very big, diameter more than 6 sm, cavities in a lung, presence of sequesters in a cavity; bad conditions for - (narrow a bronchial tube; a course from a cavity, - beginning in its top part), abscess localisation in the bottom share, languid reaction of an organism to inflammatory process. 2 Caused by errors in treatment of the patient: late begun antibacterial therapy; small doses of antibiotics, application of antibiotics without sensitivity of flora; - insufficient use of the actions directed on improvement - of conditions for of an abscess; insufficient - use medical means. The most often chronic current is accepted by abscesses with - slow formation of an abscess; the abscesses developing against - widespread pneumonic of a pulmonary fabric-, especially at old and older persons Pathological anatomy: the chronic abscess - is continuation of the sharp is purulent-destructive process which consequences make a basis of changes in a pulmonary fabric.

). Radio Isotope Scanning With Serves For Definition -

). Radio isotope scanning with serves for definition - of a blood-groove and participation of various departments of a lung in breath. Research make by means of multidetector "VAIMET" or the similar device having 16 gauges, each of which gives the information from a site of a field of the lung making 1/8 its part. At inhalation 133 last is distributed in lungs on bronchial tubes that gives the chance to define a share of participation of each pulmonary field in breath. On time of semideducing of a preparation judge a condition of bronchial passableness. The increase - in time of semideducing of an isotope testifies to obstructive process in a bronchial tube. At intravenous introduction of a preparation register its - distribution in lungs and deducing time that speaks about a condition a barrier. The method specifies true volume of the amazed pulmonary fabric. FUNCTIONAL METHODS OF RESEARCH , definition of indicators of external - breath separately for each lung, the pneumotachometry, definition - of minute both shock volumes and other researches - are necessary for the decision of a question about physiological for operation, optimum methods of preparation for operation, possible postoperative complications and methods of their preventive maintenance.

The Knot Which Is Not Absorbing _131, Name

The knot which is not absorbing _131, name "cold" knot (fig. 3). Such knots often happen the malignant nature. Do not accumulate _131 also , , hemorrhages and - sites a thyroid gland. Research of hormones make by means of - radio immune methods. - Definition - (4), factor - active in - blood whey, and parities of Tz is possible---: 4 a hormone. These researches help - to establish interrelation of function - of a hypophysis and a thyroid gland. Test with a rilizing-hormone (TRH) gives the exact information on frustration which - can arise at level , a hypophysis and a thyroid gland. The - test with - a rilizing-hormone is especially important - at . After - operation on a thyroid gland - and therapy _131 frequency makes 1,5 - 3 %, reaching, under some statistical data, in the remote terms 20 - 40 %. Preservation normal ba-zalnogo level and - its increase after stimulation - TRH regard as latent (latent) - primary , caused - by defeat of the - thyroid gland. At - secondary low or normal, and reactions to introduction TRH are not present.

At Physical Activity It Is Marked As Profound

At physical activity it is marked as profound breath, and more atop . After - loading quickly comes - to norm (not later than through 7 mines) Superficial breath Slowly comes to on - breath Loading is not possible . Appears after the majority is available in rest, amplifies - after it is expressed Participation - muscles in small it is speeded up, it (is sometimes slowed down) , % to 50 - 9040 - 80 40 , % to 60 - 9040 - 80 50 FASHIONS, % to dolzhnomu110 - 150 150 170 (-- oxygen operating ratio-) Less than 34 with to norm at breath of OdMenee 30 30 Reserve air, 800-300 300 300 ; arterial - blood, %94-9694-96 94 Factors as , and cellular immunity. That is why, beginning treatment of the patient with the lung or pleura disease, often accompanied by the big loss of fiber and a heavy intoxication, it is expedient to conduct research of these factors of immunity for timely correction and to supervise - their dynamics in the course of treatment. For studying immunity define and concentration antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA) For an estimation of cellular immunity it is obligatory calculation of absolute and relative quantity , compasses in blood T-kletochnyi immunity estimate on reaction with a ram.

. The Tumour - Starts With A Sine,

. The tumour - starts with a sine, settles down below a corner of the bottom - jaw of century a sleepy triangle. Subjective symptoms poor. At neck research the tumour consistences is defined, it is limited and possible only in a horizontal direction at the small sizes. At over formation it is audible noise. The major importance for diagnostics has . On it is visible characteristic internal and external arteries with a bow-shaped deviation and to an internal carotid. The gleam of last is narrowed, however internal contours of a vessel the accurate. The abundance of small vascular branches in the formation location is characteristic. At malignant mark - considerable decrease . Treatment: the surgical-. At removal in case of the compelled resection of an internal or general carotid -- vessel prosthetics is necessary-. At a resection only the external carotid of need for prosthetics - of a vessel is not present. THYROID GLAND The thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea) is located on a forward surface of a neck and consists of two shares and an isthmus.

At Primary Stenoses In Full Or In Part

At primary stenoses in full or in part there is no webby part, a trachea dense, with deformed a cartilage rings Distinguish three kinds of the stenosis, limited circular, funneled and extended the Basic clinical displays arise in different terms and consist in difficulty of breath which sharply accrues at diseases that causes a hypostasis of a mucous membrane of a trachea Mark also , voices, - cough. Quite often join secondary processes. The diagnosis put at the research spent - necessarily in direct and lateral projections, and . Treatment at a primary local stenosis in case of - congenital membranes probably its removal through , at circular narrowing sometimes gives success by means of special . A radical method of treatment is the resection of the narrowed site of a trachea At - secondary stenoses treatment can consist at a distance or tumours ; at a compression a double arch of an aorta - in bandaging and a section of one of arches. The forecast: adverse at the widespread stenosis which has reached to considerable degree.

Nasledstvenno-genetic It Is Studied More Not Enough. Pathological

Nasledstvenno-genetic it is studied more not enough. Pathological anatomy: the cancer of a mammary gland develops from lacteal channels is more often. The dolkovyj cancer develops - from alveoluses and meets in 1 - 2 % of all cases of a cancer of a mammary gland, is characterised by its growth. The right and left mammary glands are surprised equally often. Bilateral defeat of mammary glands meets in 13 % - of supervision, at to the form of a cancer slightly more often. The tumour of the second mammary gland quite often has metastatic character. Distinguish central and forms of a cancer of a mammary gland. The central form is observed most often. Tumour localisation at the central form, a cancer: in at 47 %, in at 12 % of patients, other departments of a mammary gland (, and central) are surprised equally often. a mammary gland cancer occurs mainly and ways. The most frequent metastasises in a bone, easy, a pleura. Clinic and diagnostics: in stages tumour revealing is possible at specially organised inspection, including .

At A Chronic Osteomyelitis - With A Fistula

At a chronic osteomyelitis - with a fistula and sequester presence - an edge resection. Infectious develop after belly, or a returnable typhus, a paratyphus. The inflammatory centre arises in the centre parts - of edges, causes a picture or . Further comes limited a cartilage, the abscess and a fistula are formed. Sometimes inflammatory process passes from one cartilage to another, there is a set of fistulas. Clinic: temperature, moderate morbidity - and a swelling in the field of a costal cartilage, presence of a fistula with the purulent separated. Treatment: conservative therapy does not give results. - Radical operation consists in total removal of the amazed cartilage with an edge part. CHRONIC SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE CHEST WALL The tuberculosis of edges, breasts and clavicles develops more often - again at tubercular defeat of other bodies. Disease begins with the limited abscess. Inflammatory process passes to an edge, a cartilage, a - breast or a clavicle. The bottom edges, cartilages III - V edges are surprised more often.

At Heavy - Forms Of Disease In A

At heavy - forms of disease in a cardiac muscle there come sharply expressed - changes leading to warm activity - that is accompanied by a tachycardia, blinking of auricles, liver increase, occurrence of hypostases. Developments of stagnation in - lungs cause a short wind. Early sign is muscular - weakness which patients regard as fast fatigue or the general weakness. These signs are caused by frustration of a metabolism and power on. Often sick mark the expressed changes of function of a gastroenteric path. They are shown by attacks of belly-aches, the vomiting, an unstable chair with propensity to diarrheas. Sexual function weakens. At women it is broken - a cycle up to , can come -, a uterus, an atrophy of mammary glands. Quite often these changes conduct to barreness. Infringements of function of adrenal glands lead - to decrease in a vascular tone, occurrence of pigmentation round eyes (a symptom of Ellineka). The increase in exchange processes at a dash-otoksikoze leads to the raised disintegration of fibers and fats therefore decrease in weight of a body, despite the raised appetite progresses.