The Similar Picture Can Take Place At A

The similar picture can take place at a so-called diving craw owing to its introduction between a trachea - and the breast handle. Breath frustration can arise and after operation at - walls of a trachea owing to constant pressure of a craw At the craw is as though the external skeleton keeping a gleam of a trachea. Craw removal leads to fall of walls of a trachea; its gleam becomes and there is a threat . In these cases it is necessary tracheas with the subsequent long fixing of walls of a trachea from outside its gleam a tube or external fixing forward and lateral walls to grudinokljuchichno-sostsevidnoj for a muscle. Use also - other methods of operations warning fall of a gleam of a trachea. Ekspiratornyj stenosis of a trachea. Arises owing to easing of a wide webby part of a trachea During an exhalation it in a trachea gleam, it is sharp it narrowing. Breath is broken. The considerable role in disease development is played by a chronic bronchitis, an emphysema of lungs. Patients usually complain of a short wind, asthma attacks, cough, feeling of a foreign matter in a trachea.

Metapneumonic Abscesses Arise At 1,2 - 1,5 %

Metapneumonic abscesses arise at 1,2 - 1,5 % sick of a pneumonia. Their development is favoured by decrease in reactance of the organism, sharply expressed infringements of ventilation and the blood supplies of a lung quite often caused by previous diseases of lungs, insufficiently active treatment of pulmonary process. Gematogenno-Embolichesky way. This way develop 7 - 9 % of abscesses of a lung. Infection hit in lungs occurs owing to carrying over by a current of blood infected from the extrapulmonary centres of an infection at , an osteomyelitis, a purulent thrombophlebitis, etc. Infected cork - lung vessels, - the heart attack of a lung which is exposed to purulent fusion develops. The abscesses having gematogenno-embolicheskoe an origin, are more often localised in the bottom shares; they . The limfogennyj way of development of pulmonary abscesses and a gangrene is observed seldom. Infection drift in lungs is possible at quinsy, , an abscess, etc. Abscesses and gangrenes of a traumatic origin grow out of the closed trauma of a thorax with damage of a pulmonary fabric and getting wounds.

Eventually It - Also Reaches 2 - 7

Eventually it - also reaches 2 - 7 mm. Under certain conditions there comes �destruction of a parasite. Such conditions can be: a suppuration , a hemorrhage in it, a trauma and rupture, sometimes ageing. At dying off the - liquid in grows turbid, is partially soaked up, partially turns - in weight; the cover becomes impregnated with salts to exhaust. Small sometimes turn to a cicatricial fabric. Clinic and diagnostics: as a rule, - develops slowly, sometimes within several years without giving - clinical displays; begins at young age is more often. Usually distinguish three stages of development of illness. The stage I - asymptomatic, can last for years. Disease - find out casually at carrying out of radiological research. The stage II is accompanied by dull aches in a breast and a back, a short wind, cough. Cough dry also is caused in the beginning by irritation - of nervous receptors of a pleura and bronchial tubes. Then with development pe-rifokalnogo inflammatory process, deformation of bronchial tubes and - difficulty of branch of a secret appears mucous , sometimes - with blood proveins that is caused by rupture of the small vessels surrounding .

Radiological Research Reveals In The Beginning Extensive Blackout

Radiological research reveals in the beginning extensive blackout in a lung; on a measure abscesses from contents against blackout cavities with liquid levels become visible. Recover of the patient, as a rule, does not come. progresses. Legochno-warm insufficiency, stagnation in a small circle of blood circulation, dystrophic changes bodies develop. All it quickly leads to death. Gangrene - the heaviest form of purulent defeat of a lung. the products of putrefactive disintegration formed at a gangrene of a lung, and bacterial toxins leads to an intoxication of the patient. At a lung gangrene early to separate the considerable quantity fetid foamy , looking like "meat slops" owing to an impurity of blood from pulmonary vessels. The - pleura that leads to development putrefactive or , as a rule, is involved in process-. At research of the patient the expressed short wind, an anaemia, , a considerable zone of shortening a sound over the amazed lung attract attention; at the set of damp rattles of various calibre is audible.

With The Years The Ferruterous Fabric Is Replaced

With the years the ferruterous fabric is replaced fatty, pains stop. (synonyms: illness of Reklju, illness of Shimelbusha, illness, , and ) it is difficult to differentiate Some forms - from a cancer, sometimes the cancer develops against . meets at the age of 30 - 50 years. Aetiology: infringement of the central nervous regulation, function gipotalamo-gipofizarnoj systems, , adrenal glands - and a thyroid gland. At patients - infringements ovarialno-menstrualnoj functions are quite often observed-, infringement ache functions. The important role in development belongs and to infringements in the ratio an estrogen and , and also to level increase mountains a hypophysis Under influence infringements recurrence of physiological processes in a mammary gland fabric that creates conditions for development - changes-. Pathological anatomy: growths of a dense - connecting fabric in a kind in which - friable grey-pink sites are located - and with a transparent - liquid Distinguish and central, forms -.

Malignant Tumours Follicular , A Tumour Of Langhansa,

Malignant tumours follicular , a tumour of Langhansa, a solid cancer, and not differentiated cancer, tumours - a sarcoma, , The thyroid gland cancer makes 0,4 - 1 % of all malignant - new growths. Develops in a central craw with the normal - or lowered function and it is very rare in a - toxic craw At 15 - 20 % of patients at histologic research - of a central craw find out a cancer In 3 - 4 times more often a cancer - are observed at women, than at men To the factors promoting development of a cancer of a thyroid gland, carry a trauma, chronic inflammatory processes, a x-ray irradiation of area - of a thyroid gland, long treatment I133 or preparations. Good-quality tumours of a thyroid gland are observed seldom. There is an International classification of a cancer of a thyroid gland by system TNM, however in practice use - classification by stages is more often-. Clinical stages of a cancer of a thyroid gland I stage - a single tumour in a thyroid gland without its deformation, germination in a capsule and restrictions IIA a stage single or plural tumours of a thyroid gland, its deformation, but without germination in a capsule of gland and its restriction Regionarnye and the remote metastasises are absent II a stage - single or plural tumours of a thyroid gland without germination in a capsule and without restriction , but at presence metastasises in lymph nodes on the amazed party of a neck III stage a tumour extending for limits of a capsule of a thyroid gland and connected with surrounding fabrics or squeezing the next bodies.

Beam Therapy At A Lung Cancer Use Mainly

Beam therapy at a lung cancer use mainly - at treatment of the patients who are not subject to operation, and in the - postoperative period at not differentiated cancer if the histologic diagnosis is established only at - histologic research of a remote tumour. Total the dose of beam influence makes 60 - 70 Gr (6000 - 7000 it is glad) during 8-10 treatments. The chemotherapy can be with operation, be spent to combinations with beam treatment or as an independent kind of treatment. Last two kinds of treatment use at inoperable forms of a cancer. Most often for treatment of a cancer of a lung use -, , . The forecast: patients after a diagnosis establishment I live-t about 1 year. After radical operation the forecast - is defined mainly by a stage and histologic structure of a tumour. Results of surgical - treatment of patients with a - cancer are especially adverse--. At the differentiated forms of a cancer after the operation - made at disease of I stage, the 5-year-old survival rate reaches 60 - 70 %, II stages-30 - 40 %, III stages 10 - 15 %.

It Differs From A Pneumonia That Disease Symptoms

It differs from a pneumonia that disease symptoms - a heat, occurrence of a site of blackout - of a pulmonary fabric - very quickly, sometimes during 2 - 4 days, are resolved after application of anti-inflammatory therapy and means, and sometimes and in itself after sick a clot in the form of a stopper, an obturirovav-neck a bronchial tube Through the short period of time pneumonia symptoms appear again that should force to think the doctor of the central cancer of a lung. At full corking of a bronchial tube develops the part of the lung ventilated through the amazed bronchial tube (fig. 21). it is usually accompanied - by body rise in temperature-. Fizikalnye symptoms depend on changes in lungs. At infringement of passableness of a bronchial tube there is a backlog of a site of a thorax during breath; sometimes backlog of a shovel from a chest wall (a symptom of Dilona), trachea displacement aside (a symptom of Rubinshtejna) is visible. A number of patients has symptoms nonspecific - fingers become drum-type sticks, and nails - the form of hour fragments of glass.

Infringements And The Pus Formed - Owing To

Infringements and the pus formed - owing to development of an infection in a bronchial tree, cause periodic rises in temperature, occurrence of cough which treat as . At and suppurating passableness of a bronchial tube it is quite often restored for some months. Constant infringement of bronchial conductivity gradually leads to formation and abscesses in a pulmonary fabric. At the further growth of a tumour comes - full a bronchial tube with development a share or all lung. Central tumours, in the majority of an adenoma, often grow from smaller bronchial tube in a gleam of larger. Proceeding from it, usually takes place a share or all lung. Fizikalnoe research thus - gives the chance to define shortening presence a sound over area , easing or absence of breath, easing - or disappearance of vocal trembling. - hypoventilation or a share or all lung comes to light. On the tomogram amputation of a large bronchial tube is visible. The greatest information gives at which - find out a tumour with a smooth surface, a - bronchial tube gleam.

Beam Therapy Radiations (spend Sources Mega-voltnogo Gamma Installations,

Beam therapy radiations (spend sources mega-voltnogo gamma installations, beta thrones, linear - accelerators). Total a dose on a mammary gland of 25 Gr ' (2500 it is glad), on area of 21 Gr (2100 is glad). - and areas irradiate only after operation, a total dose to 45 Gr (4500 it is glad). At revealing of a cancer of a mammary gland at the pregnant woman it is necessary to recommend urgent interruption of pregnancy, and then to deal with a question on character of operation and the further treatment. The most frequent complication in the postoperative period after radical is development of a hypostasis of a hand on the operation party that is connected with infringement . To this patients recommend raised position of a hand, bandaging bandage, under indications and - anti-inflammatory therapy. With development of microsurgical technics began to find application of operation of creation . Cancer relapses are more often observed in the first 3 - 5 years after operation. Treatment: beam, himio - .

Pus, Getting To Bronchial Tubes, Causes Development -

Pus, getting to bronchial tubes, causes development - of a purulent bronchitis with plentiful formation (to several honeycombs of milliliters a day). at a lung abscess has an unpleasant smell, and at standing in bank shares on three layers. Bottom average consists of pus, - from a serous liquid and top - foamy. Sometimes in it is possible to see small - scraps of the changed pulmonary fabric (pulmonary sequesters). At - its microscopic research find out a considerable quantity - of leukocytes, fibres, set of bacteria. Given researches change in comparison with the first period. In process of clearing of a cavity of an abscess of pus and the permission inflammatory process the - shortening zone a sound disappears. In the presence of the big cavity, free from pus, over it it can be defined timpa-nichesky a sound more clearly revealed if at the patient opens a mouth. At the considerable sizes of an abscess are listened breath over a cavity and mixed - damp rattles, mainly in adjacent departments of a lung.

Gases Pass Through An Alveolar Wall Under The

Gases pass through an alveolar wall under the influence of a difference of pressure of gases in blood and alveolar air. Diffuzionnaja ability of carbonic gas is considerable, above (in 25 - 30 times), than at oxygen. As a part of alveolar air oxygen contains - in number of 15 about %, and carbonic acid - 6 about. % the Difference of pressure of oxygen in - alveoluses and blood also is small (6 9 mm hg). In this connection absorption sorts is broken easier, than carbonic acid return In norm oxygen absorption in blood is almost equal to its consumption in fabrics. Considerable enough frustration of breath and blood circulation can be compensated and not to be shown by anything at a quiet condition of the patient However the loading caused by operative intervention on lungs, the - disease aggravation is caused by frustration of function of external breath, lead to haemodynamics infringement RESEARCH METHODS For an establishment of the definitive diagnosis and a choice of a method of treatment, besides careful clinical inspection, at a - considerable part of patients with diseases of respiratory organs - performance of some special methods of research is necessary-.

At Big A Craw Causing - Tracheas And

At big a craw causing - tracheas and vessels, the thyroid gland resection is shown. At all forms of a central craw if to consider possibility knots, surgical intervention - a resection - of a thyroid gland with the subsequent urgent histologic research - which defines the further tactics is necessary--. Preventive maintenance a craw consists in application - table salt, carrying out of a complex of sanitary-and-hygienic actions. ( a craw, illness) - disease which arises owing to the raised - secretion hormones and is accompanied by heavy infringements in various bodies and systems. Aetiology; the reasons are influences - factors (a sharp or chronic mental trauma, an infection) on an organism in the presence of contributing and genetic factors, infringements of functions of bodies systems. In patients in blood has been found out it is long operating stimulator LATS which - activates thyroid gland function. It is proved that LATS is an antibody specific in relation to a thyroid gland. An antigene to which arise , receptors , localised in a plasmatic membrane serve.

Mucopurulent Or Purulent, Sharing At Standing In A

mucopurulent or purulent, sharing at standing in a vessel on three layers (bottom - pus, average - a serous liquid, top - slime): quite often in e blood proveins are visible. Approximately at 10 % of patients pulmonary bleedings are marked. A source and bleedings are a mucous membrane of the expanded bronchial tubes and expansions of vessels in walls bron-hoektazov. Especially it is a lot of at the patient separates in the mornings - when it. to clear the throat after a dream in the position most convenient for of amazed department of a lung. Frequent symptoms of an aggravation of pathological process - are chest pains, a short wind. As a classical sign - consider fingers in a kind of "drum-type sticks" and nails in a kind of "hour fragments of glass". To quite often these changes accompany - to a pain in finitenesses (a syndrome hypertrophic osteoartro-patii, described by Pierre Mari and Bambergerom). At thorax survey it is usually possible to note backlog - at part breath a cage corresponding to area of defeat of a lung; especially accurately it happens is expressed at patients -, combined with to a lung part.

A Mucous Membrane - Cylindrical With A Vibrating

a mucous membrane - cylindrical with a vibrating layer its Constant oscillative motions - promote advancement of small dust particles and formed slime in a throat direction. Trachea blood supply is carried out by branches of the bottom thyroid arteries and branches of the bronchial arteries originating from the descending aorta or the top intercostal arteries The blue blood flows mainly in venous textures, round a trachea and a gullet, whence arrives in the bottom venous textures of a thyroid gland, unpaired and semiunpaired veins. Outflow of a lymph from a trachea goes in centripetal a direction. Ways of outflow of a lymph from a trachea are closely connected with lymphatic ways of a gullet, a throat, a thyroid gland. tracheas it is carried out by branches returnable and nerves Besides, the trachea has sympathetic and parasympathetic the Part of nervous fibres spinal (from With, to Dg) Distinguish cervical and chest departments of a trachea. Last divide on chest and parts a trachea Arrangement on a neck and in a chest cavity causes its interrelations with neck and thorax bodies On a neck in front of it cover a thyroid gland isthmus, forward thyroid veins, sideways - shares of a thyroid gland and carotids ( carotis), behind a gullet with the returnable nerves lying in a furrow between a gullet and a trachea In chest department in front of a trachea the beginning of an anonymous artery (and ) and the left carotid, behind a gullet, at the left an aorta arch, the left general carotid, the left returnable nerve, on the right - an anonymous artery, the right wandering nerve is located.