In Far Come Stage The Clinical Picture -

In far come stage the clinical picture - is defined by presence a syndrome, - which basic - components the top hollow vein, a returnable nerve, a gullet. mark shade expansion , more often more expressed on the one hand, shade contours - polycyclic that specifies in increase in lymph nodes. The important role in diagnosis specification play with - and research. The miliarnaja form. For this form absence of the revealed primary centre is characteristic. Process on the clinical and radiological picture rather reminds a - tuberculosis of lungs. The diagnosis can be put at cytologic research , sometimes at . Differential diagnostics: diseases with which it is necessary to spend the differential diagnosis, often are complications of a cancer of a lung or a background on which it develops. At carrying out of the differential diagnosis it is necessary to mean inflammatory diseases of lungs, good-quality - tumours and lungs, , a chest wall, metastasises of tumours of other localisation. The central cancer of a lung the repeated and frequent aggravations which are easily giving in to therapy, - presence in a lung, remaining after an aggravation distinguish from a chronic pneumonia-, - detection in cages, signs of tumoral - defeat of the bronchial tubes, revealed at .

Fall Ill With A Cancer Of The Easy

Fall ill with a cancer of the easy man more often. The parity of number - of falling ill men to number of women makes 8:1. Aetiology: the major factors promoting - development of a cancer of a lung, harmful influences on a mucous membrane of a bronchial tree of the various substances getting to respiratory ways are. They cause development of a chronic - bronchitis, vibrating bronchial tubes in flat and its subsequent malignant regeneration. To the substances, undoubtedly having cancerogenic an effect-, the products formed at combustion of oil and its - derivatives carry-; the ores containing radioactive substances, cobalt, nickel, arsenic. The special place is occupied with the products formed at combustion of tobacco, - . It is proved that at persons, it is long - and many smokers, a lung cancer develop in 20 times more often, than at the non-smoking. The establishment of these facts demands carrying out of some preventive actions for clearing of air of city areas with automobile movement, on smoke elimination the enterprises, to elimination of a dust content of air and.

Surrounding A Mammary Gland. From A Forward Surface

Surrounding a mammary gland. From a forward surface of a mammary gland to deep layers of a skin the - considerable quantity dense - connecting goes -( sheaves), intershare partitions being continuation, from a back surface of a mammary gland go to the big chest muscle-. Between a back surface fas-tsialnogo a case and own the big chest muscle the - layer friable fatty is located. Mammary gland blood supply is carried out through branches of an internal chest - artery (a. mammaria interna), a chest artery (a. thoracica lateralis) and 3 - 7 back intercostal arteries (a. intercostalis). The venous network consists of superficial and deep systems. Deep veins accompany arteries and run in axillary, internal chest, chest and - intercostal veins, partially in external a vein. From superficial veins - of a mammary gland blood flows in skin veins of a neck, a shoulder, a lateral wall of a breast and a vein areas. Superficial and deep veins form textures in thickness of gland, a skin, hypodermic and is wide among themselves, with veins of the next areas and an opposite mammary gland.

Can Arise With . Symptoms Of Hvosteka And

Can arise with . Symptoms of Hvosteka and Trusso are characteristic. A symptom of Hvosteka - reduction of muscles in the field of a wing of a nose and a mouth corner at a finger or a hammer in the field of a projection of an obverse nerve ahead an auricle. A symptom of Trusso - - a tonic spasm of a brush in a kind of "a hand of the accoucheur", arising - in reply to pressure in the field of a nervously-vascular bunch on a shoulder. The differential diagnosis: spend with the - epilepsy attacks - which distinctive feature is - consciousness loss-. Treatment: attacks stop intravenous introduction - of a solution of chloride of calcium. For prevention of attacks patients constantly accept calcium preparations, vitamin D, . CHEST WALL. THE MAMMARY GLAND CHEST WALL SHARP INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE CHEST WALL Furuncle and most often happen on a back skin at its pollution, in places of a friction of clothes, at the aged and exhausted people, at sick of a diabetes. Clinic and diagnostics: at a furuncle and especially at backs the body temperature considerably is raised, back pains, difficulty of breath, - are marked a fever-.

At Ruptures Close Tracheas Or Simultaneous Rupture Of

At ruptures close tracheas or simultaneous rupture of a bronchial tube, a gullet probably presence - Radiological research gives the chance to reveal gas presence in , is frequent in the form of a strip along a trachea. The diagnosis put on the basis at which find out rupture of a wall of a trachea Treatment: surgical - trachea rupture. Access is defined by rupture localisation, after it follows through a cut over a cutting During operation careful audit of the next bodies which also can be damaged as a result of a trauma is necessary. Some surgeons for decrease pressure recommend imposing . INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE TRACHEA Inflammatory diseases of a trachea can be specific -(a tuberculosis, , a syphilis) and nonspecific. To nonspecific inflammatory diseases carry a trachea abscess, , and a chronic tracheitis at . The aetiology of these diseases - adequately is not studied. The clinical picture depends on an inflammation phase, is characterised - by cough, a short wind, joining of inflammatory process - in lungs.

Chronic The Mastitis Can Be An Outcome Of

Chronic the mastitis can be an outcome of a sharp mastitis at its wrong treatment or the primary independent disease caused - by an infection. Clinic and diagnostics: the body temperature normal or , a mammary gland is increased in sizes according to an inflammation zone, sometimes is available skin, it If the chronic mastitis is an outcome of sharp process in the field of the former abscess there are fistulas with poor - purulent separated At in a fabric dairy is defined , slightly painful at is Sometimes expressed . Diagnostics is helped by the anamnesis data (the transferred sharp mastitis), presence of hems after the former abscess, traumas, operations, propensity to inflammation relapses the Definitive diagnosis is put only on the basis for a new growth exception-. Treatment: in the presence of purulent process abscess opening - the changed fabrics, with wounds In the presence of inflammatory - - physiotherapeutic treatment CHRONIC SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES of the MAMMARY GLAND the Tuberculosis of mammary glands is secondary is more often.

MAMMARY GLAND TUMOURS . Some Researchers Carry To

MAMMARY GLAND TUMOURS . Some researchers carry to Meets more often at the age of 15 - 35 years, at the majority of patients (at 90 %) in the form of single knot. Pathological anatomy: the tumour consists from elements and a connecting fabric. Distinguish peri - and . The sizes of a tumour are various: from microscopic to huge Clinic and diagnostics: happens is more often. Such has the roundish form, accurate contours, it is painless at , does not disappear at a mammary gland in position of the patient lying (symptom KfHHJ'a positive). On the shade of the roundish form with accurate contours is visible. Treatment: removal of a tumour with a fabric - of a mammary gland surrounding it -(a sectoral resection). - a version . The tumour has characteristic layered structure, is well delimited from surrounding fabrics, however no present capsule has, quickly increases in sizes. - and then in bones, easy both other bodies the Clinic and diagnostics sometimes is exposed - to malignant regeneration: at enough big sizes are visible and cyanosis of a skin over a tumour, however last is seldom involved in tumoral process.

Fibrous Cicatricial Imposings Are Condensed, A Lung, Limit

Fibrous cicatricial imposings are condensed, a lung, limit respiratory movements. the pulmonary fabric also is condensed In this period sharp passes in chronic In the rubtsovo-changed pleura in a late stage of illness there is an adjournment of salts. Is purulent-destructive process in a pleura (it is timely not ) causes development in an organism of some heavy changes from outside hearts, a liver, kidneys, characteristic for a - long purulent intoxication. At destruction a cover bacterial - enzymes pus can fall outside the limits a pleural cavity, forming abscesses between thorax muscles, under a skin or is opened outside (empyema necessitatis). - Spontaneous break of a purulent congestion in a pericardium cavity, a gullet, through a diaphragm is possible also-. : development pleurae is accompanied by infringement of function of cardiovascular system, breath, a liver-, kidneys and bodies. These infringements can - sharply develop or gradually. Especially heavy infringements - arise at break in a pleural cavity of an abscess of the lung having the wide message with by ways.

The Resulted Classification Is Convenient In Practical Activities

The resulted classification is convenient in practical activities - as provides for each stage of disease certain medical actions. To four stages of a cancer of a mammary gland there correspond the following - combinations TNM on the International classification. I stage - 1 - 2NOMO II stage - 1 - 2NIMO III stage - 1 - 2N2 - IV stage - any combination and N at value Ml. The note. Degrees and N are specified at histologic research - of a remote preparation. Treatment: the choice of a method of treatment of a cancer of a mammary gland depends on prevalence of process, a morphological structure - of a tumour, age of the patient, a condition and ova-rialnoj functions, the general condition, accompanying diseases-. Treatment methods: surgical, combined (a - combination of operation to beam therapy or to medicinal - therapy) and complex (a combination of operation to beam, medicinal - and hormonal therapy). The leader in treatment of a cancer - of a mammary gland is the surgical method. In I and the Pas stages is shown surgical intervention.

All These Receptions Repeat At Inspection Of The

All these receptions repeat at inspection of the left mammary gland. SPECIAL METHODS OF RESEARCH - radiological research of mammary glands. On the special device carry out roentgenograms in two projections, if necessary do aim roentgenograms - with increase. The method allows to establish presence - of changes of structure of a fabric of a mammary gland, presence and changes in axillary lymph nodes to reveal tumoral knot in diameter to 10 mm, i.e. Knot of such size, which doctor, as a rule, cannot define at , especially if the knot is located in deep departments of a mammary gland - of the big size. Contrast gives the chance - to reveal changes in gland channels. It is shown patients at whom allocation of nipples is observed. Area and a dummy - process spirit. On a secret drop find an external - aperture a lacteal channel. On depth 5 - 8 mm enter a thin needle into it with a blunt end. Through a needle under - small pressure into a channel enter 0,3 - 1 ml of 60 % of a solution or before occurrence of feeling small or easy morbidity.

Frustration Of A Water Exchange (increase And Strengthening

Frustration of a water exchange (increase and strengthening ), infringement of function - of a pancreas (the latent diabetes) cause excessive thirst. The part of patients has "eye symptoms". it is caused by a hypostasis and growth a - fatty fabric under influence a substance - produced by a forward share of a hypophysis. Replacement a fibrous fabric leads irreversible . At expansion of an eye crack - with the advent of a white strip between an iris of the eye and an upper eyelid (a symptom of Delrimplja) is observed-. A rare blinking of eyelids (a symptom of Shtelvaga - explain fall of sensitivity of a cornea - weakness of convergence, i.e. Ability loss to fix a sight at a short distance (Moebius's symptom), connect with weakness - of eye muscles. Backlog of an upper eyelid from an iris of the eye at fixing by sight of subject slowly moved downwards, in this connection between an upper eyelid and an iris of the eye - there is a white strip (a symptom Gref), it is caused a tone of the muscle lifting an upper eyelid.

Occurs At The Expense Of Small Branches Of

occurs at the expense of small branches of a humeral texture and 2 - 7 - branches of intercostal nerves. The lymphatic system consists of superficial and deep textures. Lymph outflow occurs mainly in axillary lymph nodes (fig. 7). From the central and medial departments of a mammary gland lymphatic vessels go deep into to to lymph nodes. Lymph outflow also to the lymph nodes located at the top department of a vagina of a direct muscle of a stomach, to , to lymph nodes of the party with the same name and to to lymph nodes of an opposite - mammary gland is possible-. The basic function of a mammary gland - synthesis and milk secretion. The structure and function of mammary glands essentially vary at different stages - a cycle, pregnancy, a lactation, age processes. These - changes are defined by function bodies. With 10 - 12-year-old age at girls start to be developed follikulin-stimulirujushy and hormones of a forward share of a hypophysis which cause transformation follicles in mature, sekre-tirujushchie an estrogen.

At Simultaneous Damage Of A Lung The Operation

At simultaneous damage of a lung the operation volume is defined by character of this damage ( lung wounds, a lung resection) . Arises at a hook a kind the channel or lung damage when air enters into a pleural cavity, but leave it cannot, as the channel at an exhalation is covered with fabrics of edges of a wound of a chest wall (at external ) or a lung fabric (at internal ) As a result of it in cavities accumulates air, pressure gradually increases in it that leads to development strained , accompanied a lung, veins , displacement - in the healthy party, heavy frustration of breath and haemodynamics (rice 23, and,). K and diagnostics: strained it is shown by accruing frustration of breath and warm activity Accrue , the short wind, pulse becomes frequent, fillings At on the party is strained define high a sound, bodies in the healthy party. Treatment first aid consists in an urgent puncture of a pleural cavity for reduction of pressure in it. The subsequent medical actions depend on character of available damage and should provide liquidation the mechanism, air from a pleural cavity and a lung.

The Definitive Diagnosis In Doubtful Cases Is Possible

The definitive diagnosis in doubtful cases is possible only after a site of the changed wall of a bronchial tube or cytologic research -, a print or a bronchial tube mucous membrane. Histologic research of a slice of the tumour received at , helps to make the definitive diagnosis and at - suspicion on a good-quality central tumour. The differential diagnosis between peripheral -, , good-quality tumours and a lung is most difficult-. At before its disintegration and break in a bronchial tube when in appear a tuberculosis, and the cavity in a lung comes to light, the - differential diagnosis can be spent only on the basis punk-tsionnoi formations in a lung. Indirect signs are primary localisation of formation - in lung departments, the non-uniformity of a fabric - revealed at radiological research. The last speaks - distinction components in (from a pneumonia to ). Good-quality tumours of lungs peripheral gamarto - long time proceed , usually them casually reveal at radiological research.

Clinic And Diagnostics: The Pain In Mammary Glands

Clinic and diagnostics: the pain in mammary glands appears in the middle a cycle and before , is accompanied by consolidation of mammary glands, sometimes - from nipples. The pain can be: pricking, shooting, sharp with in a back, a neck. At a mammary gland define consolidation of lobular character with a rough - surface, fabrics, morbidity. After at a pain the insignificant, all mammary gland is in regular intervals condensed, . At central define the - single or plural centres; they , are not connected with a skin, with a nipple, are mobile, in a prone position of the patient - are not palpated (a symptom of Keniga negative). Lymph nodes are not increased. On an extent a cycle the consolidation centres do not change. On the shade against which are defined , sometimes - adjournment of salts of calcium is visible. Blackouts quite often - alternate with the sites of an enlightenment caused by presence . At development against a cancer the shade density, its homogeneity become more intensive, shades also amplify and become chaotic.