A Mucous Membrane - Cylindrical With A Vibrating

a mucous membrane - cylindrical with a vibrating layer its Constant oscillative motions - promote advancement of small dust particles and formed slime in a throat direction. Trachea blood supply is carried out by branches of the bottom thyroid arteries and branches of the bronchial arteries originating from the descending aorta or the top intercostal arteries The blue blood flows mainly in venous textures, round a trachea and a gullet, whence arrives in the bottom venous textures of a thyroid gland, unpaired and semiunpaired veins. Outflow of a lymph from a trachea goes in centripetal a direction. Ways of outflow of a lymph from a trachea are closely connected with lymphatic ways of a gullet, a throat, a thyroid gland. tracheas it is carried out by branches returnable and nerves Besides, the trachea has sympathetic and parasympathetic the Part of nervous fibres spinal (from With, to Dg) Distinguish cervical and chest departments of a trachea. Last divide on chest and parts a trachea Arrangement on a neck and in a chest cavity causes its interrelations with neck and thorax bodies On a neck in front of it cover a thyroid gland isthmus, forward thyroid veins, sideways - shares of a thyroid gland and carotids ( carotis), behind a gullet with the returnable nerves lying in a furrow between a gullet and a trachea In chest department in front of a trachea the beginning of an anonymous artery (and ) and the left carotid, behind a gullet, at the left an aorta arch, the left general carotid, the left returnable nerve, on the right - an anonymous artery, the right wandering nerve is located.

- Lateral Shares Are Located At Level -

- Lateral shares are located at level - thyroid and cartilages, and the bottom pole to V - VI rings-. The weight of a thyroid gland at the adult person makes 25 - 30 Additional thyroid gland shares - can settle down from a root of language to an aorta arch (rice 1) Gland is covered by the fourth a neck consisting from thin internal and more powerful external leaves-. Between leaves - pass arterial and venous vessels. From a capsule in gland extend layers, which to gland on segments. Segments consist of the follicles, which wall single-layered cubic . Follicles are filled , consisting of a liquid including ribonuclein, , , iodine, and other enzymes. Thyroid gland blood supply is carried out by four basic arteries two top thyroid (a thyreoidea superior), departing from an external carotid, and the fifth unpaired artery (a thyreoidea ima), departing from arteries is available two bottom thyroid arteries (a thyreoidea inferior) which originate from department arteries Sometimes or from an aorta arch Thyroid arteries pass nearby, and sometimes cross with a returnable nerve It it is necessary to mean during operation as at bandaging of the bottom thyroid artery nerve damage is possible that leads or to a paralysis of vocal chords According to arteries there are the pair veins which branches form powerful textures.

The Majority Of The Patients Who Have Arrived

The majority of the patients who have arrived in surgical clinic with diseases of lungs, has breath infringements. The basic sign of respiratory insufficiency is the - organism condition - at which normal function of the device of external breath - is insufficient to provide an organism with necessary - quantity of oxygen and to deduce carbonic acid. Condition of external breath characterise a number of its indicators-: air inhaled and exhaled at normal quiet - breath, name respiratory; it makes about 500 ml. At the maximum breath lungs can include 1500 more ml of air which is called as additional. Air, which leaves at the maximum forced exhalation (to 1500 ml), is called as reserve. Air received after the maximum breath and the subsequent - exhalation, makes vital capacity of lungs . The quantity of air exhaled in minute at quiet breath, makes minute volume of breath (FASHIONS). For judgement about the maximum ventilating ability of lungs define the maximum ventilation of lungs . Last three indicators define in percentage to due indicators under tables of Garrisa and Benedict.

Is Synthetic Means. The Preparation Accelerates Deducing From

is synthetic means. The preparation accelerates deducing from a thyroid gland -, oppresses activity of the fermental systems participating - in oxidation and transformation in iodine that brakes and detains transformation in . Small doses of iodine make braking impact on formation in a forward share of a hypophysis. reduces frustration, causes pulse. The resulted therapy use at treatment -, preparation for operation or treatment I. Influence _131 under the influence of beta particles conducts to �destruction - of cages follicular a thyroid gland and to replacement by their connecting fabric. Indications to radio isotope treatment _131: , proceeding with mental , the heaviest the disease form, at older persons with and warm insufficiency-, with irreversible changes from outside kidneys and a liver, the form in the absence of a craw. After reception of the big doses _131 development rough reactions with a deadly outcome, occurrence - of a constant, heavy , difficultly giving in to treatment, - development of malignant tumours of a thyroid gland, change of functions of sexual glands, increase is possible--.

The Most Frequent Complications Illnesses: Repeated Bleedings, Pleurae,

The most frequent complications illnesses: repeated bleedings, pleurae, spontaneous -, abscesses and a gangrene of lungs, brain abscesses, a meningitis. The differential diagnosis: it is necessary to spend with an abscess (abscesses) of a lung, central a lung at which can be a consequence of corking of a bronchial tube a - tumour, a tuberculosis of lungs. From last them distinguish - considerably the big duration of disease with, characteristic obos-friction, a considerable quantity , absence in it a tuberculosis, more often process localisation-, rather satisfactory condition of patients at - widespread defeat of lungs. Treatment: conservative, it is shown patients with disease of I stage, and also that patients to whom surgical treatment is counter-indicative. Treatment spend by the principles - of treatment of sharp purulent diseases of lungs stated above-. - It is necessary for patient - to provide the due sanitary-and-hygienic mode, a - high-calorific food rich - with fiber, therapy, introduction of antibacterial preparations according to - sensitivity of flora, to improve conditions the amazed departments of lungs, to spend .