The Surface Of An Edge Turned To A

The surface of an edge turned to a pleura, a cartilage, a clavicle or a breast , is exposed to purulent fusion. Then the fistula with purulent separated, containing a tuberculosis is formed. Clinic and diagnostics: in the anamnesis - transferred before dry or a pleurisy; the body temperature -, on the limited site of edges or a cartilage, a clavicle or a breast is defined a thickening, local morbidity. The skin does not change long time. Treatment: antitubercular therapy (streptomycin, , etc.), treatment, a puncture of an abscess and pus. At failure of therapy - removal of the amazed edge and a course. a chest wall develops again at distribution of process of a lung on a pleura, muscles and bones of a chest - wall. Clinic and diagnostics: in a chest wall it is defined - dense to which the skin of bagrovo-cyanotic colour is soldered. Small abscesses, fistulas with the poor separated are often formed. In pus at microscopy find and a fungus. Treatment: by the general principles of treatment (, , etc.

In The Presence Of Inflammatory Process In A

In the presence of inflammatory process in a bronchial tube wall last - changes the properties, same - inflammatory processes in lungs at which intrapulmonary bronchial nerve ganglions can be surprised promote-. The bronchial tube wall loses a tone, becomes Infringement of drainage function - of bronchial tubes causes cough which is accompanied - by increase of intrabronchial pressure. As a result of the specified factors are formed . At corking of a bronchial tube by a foreign matter, infringement - of its passableness - owing to a hypostasis of a mucous membrane, etc. develops a lung, its share or a segment. At sufficient duration a lung the lung part is wrinkled, accrues negative pressure that along with increase of intrabronchial pressure can promote expansion of trailer departments of bronchial tubes. Such way, possibly, develop , combined with a lung. slime in the expanded bronchial tubes and infection development in turn cause an inflammation of a mucous membrane of a bronchial tube and fabrics, fleecy bronchial tubes in multilayered flat, and loss elements walls of bronchial tubes.

From Within The Alveolus Single-layered Alveolar , Located

From within the alveolus single-layered alveolar , located on to a membrane, a wall basis makes a fabric from collagenic fibres. On a layer is the membrane of a capillary and it Thus, the blood proceeding on vessels, is separated from air which is in alveoluses, very thin partition through which gas exchange is carried out. Blood circulation in lungs: the blue blood from the top and bottom hollow veins gets in right , and then through a pulmonary artery and its branches - to lungs. To each bronchial tube there corresponds a branch of a pulmonary artery which and together with bronchial tubes and eventually breaks up to the pulmonary capillaries shrouding alveoluses At this level there is an exchange of gases then the - arterial blood enriched - by oxygen arrives from capillaries in lung veins. Each lung has two pulmonary veins top and bottom which join the left auricle-, whence blood rich with oxygen arrives in left and then in the big circle of blood circulation. Walls of bronchial tubes and a lung fabric are supplied with arterial blood from bronchial arteries.