Laboratory Data Depends More On A Stage Of

Laboratory data depends more on a stage of development of disease-. It is quite often possible to note (more than 4 %), at a suppuration - increase , . To diagnosis statement appreciably (more than at 75 % of patients) helps test of Kazoni at which into thickness of a skin of a forearm enter 0,1 ml sterile a liquid (antigene), into a skin of other forearm for the control enter the same quantity of an isotonic solution of chloride - of sodium. At the patient through 30 mines - Zch round an introduction place liquids appear , hypostases and a skin itch which keep from several o'clock to 1 - 2 days Confirm the diagnosis also positive reaction of latex-agglutination. At it observe agglutination by antibodies - of particles of latex on which surface the antigene is adsorbed. Combination of presence of the roundish form of a shade to equal contours in a lung in a x-ray picture and positive test of Kazoni or the Latex-test do the diagnosis doubtless. At negative test the differential diagnosis spend - between , , peripheral -, i.

These Receptions Give The Chance To Define, -

These receptions give the chance to define, - whether the form and the sizes of mammary glands are identical, whether at one level mammary glands and dummies, whether have appeared changes in area of a nipple and , skin, swellings. Palpation of mammary glands and axillary hollows. - it is facilitated in position on a back. At inspection - of an external half of right mammary gland it is necessary to put under the right shovel a small pillow or the small platen from a towel, the right hand to extend along a trunk. Palpation make finger-tips of the left hand. Soft circular motions of a hand, slightly pressing on a mammary gland, feel all its departments. At first survey the mammary gland centre (- nipple area-), and then feel it, following from a nipple in a direction to - external edge of a mammary gland on radius up, then -, downwards. At palpation of an internal half of right mammary gland it is necessary to put the right hand under a head, and inspection to spend the left hand in the same sequence - from the centre to internal edge of a mammary gland on radius up, then , downwards.

PLEURA The Pathological Processes Causing Morphological It From

PLEURA The pathological processes causing morphological it from and infringements of function, are diverse Distinguish grasses pleura damages, inflammatory processes, pair diseases and pleura new growths TRAUMATIC DAMAGES of the PLEURA Pleura damages arise at the closed trauma of a thorax or its getting wounds, can be accompanied by one temporarily damage of a chest wall, a pulmonary fabric or other bodies, a congestion to a pleural cavity of air ( a cancer), blood , blood and air , liquids , accumulation , pus , pus and air . Development with the subsequent blood or in a pleural cavity can owing to a trauma, and also at break in a pleural cavity , an abscess or a lung, - destruction of a wall of a bronchial tube at disintegration of a tumour or tubercular hectare and can be result seams of an operational wound or their divergence at a suppuration On the end, it can be created is artificial with the diagnostic or medical purpose On character of the message with an environment and opened As special forms allocate and strained Opened .

The Thyroid Gland Increase At Can Reach Various

The thyroid gland increase at can reach various degree, its sizes do not correspond to weight of clinical displays. Sometimes thyroid gland increases it is not defined at all. The most expressed clinical - displays mark at a toxic craw. The basic symptoms are changes from outside nervous and cardiovascular system. Frustration from outside the central nervous system are shown by the raised - mental excitability, anxiety, unmotivated - mood swings, irritability and tearfulness-. Sharp increase of activity of sympathetic nervous - system is accompanied , a tremor of all body and fingers of hands (a symptom of Mari). The person often reddens, - becomes covered by red stains which extend on a neck and a breast. A body temperature constantly . Suhozhilnye reflexes are live and . Hair drop out, their colour changes, fragility of nails is marked. Pulse labile, becomes frequent at the slightest mental and physical activities. Changes of arterial pressure are observed - pressure raises owing to have withdrawn warm emission and volume of circulating blood, and dia-stolicheskoe decreases in connection with reduction of a vascular tone as a result insufficiency.

RESEARCH METHODS Objective Data About The Form, The

RESEARCH METHODS Objective data about the form, the sizes, the consistence and - mobility of a thyroid gland can receive at survey and glands. Even at small increase in a thyroid gland survey allows to establish craw presence, its localisation -(the right or left share, gland isthmus, "a diving" craw), its mobility at movements, character of hyperplastic process (central, a craw). At zagrudin th craw swelling of veins of a neck and a forward surface of a thorax is often visible. Besides, already survey allows to reveal - symptoms, characteristic for infringement of function of a thyroid gland (uneasy behaviour of the patient, eye symptoms, trembling of hands, etc.). glands are better for spending in position of the patient sitting a back to the doctor, with slightly inclined head forward and downwards. In such position of a muscle of a neck relax also gland becomes - more accessible to research. Four fingers of each hand have on gland, and thumbs cover a neck behind. During time glands of the patient ask to do movements.

At Older Persons In A Trachea Calcium Salts

At older persons in a trachea calcium salts are postponed. It at radiological research gives more dense shade. The expanded aorta, , tumours can displace it aside. The right main bronchial tube departs from a trachea under more acute angle, than left, and is as though its continuation It conducts to more frequent hit in a branch of the right main bronchial tube of foreign matters, emetic weights the - Lymph nodes located under of a trachea, at presence in them of metastasises do a corner of division of bronchial tubes by more stupid, round off its top Over the left bronchial tube there is an aorta arch, over right, being thrown through it, an unpaired vein (v. azygos) which joins the top hollow vein. The main bronchial tubes share on share, right - on three, left - on two branches Continuing to share on segmentary and subsegmentary, they decrease in diameter, pass in small bronchial tubes, and then in . Lungs lungs share a deep furrow on two unequal shares - top and bottom. Besides, in the right lung the top share shares in addition on top and average.

DAMAGES OF LUNGS Damages Of Lungs Can Be

DAMAGES OF LUNGS Damages of lungs can be opened and closed. Damages of bronchial tubes as well as trachea damage, happen a consequence of the closed trauma at bruises and a thorax during time failures and other road incidents is more often. Symptoms sometimes appear only at development of a stenosis of the bronchial tube which has arisen on a place of rupture At cross-section rupture of a bronchial tube by an outcome can be a lung or a share, the pneumonia, found out at radiological research In other supervision a trauma causes a grave condition of the patient: the shock, cough, , development strained -, the Definitive diagnosis put emphysemas on the basis of the data . Treatment depends on terms of statement of the diagnosis at rupture - of bronchial tubes At the early diagnosis if the condition a pain allows, make emergency operation-ushivanie rupture or at extensive damages reconstructive operation. At impossibility of its performance in connection with weight of a condition - of the victim in the beginning a pleural cavity, , spend antishock therapy If bronchial tube rupture diagnose late at developed , make the operation which volume is defined by a condition of a lung or its share In case of irreversible changes the resection of a share or all lung is shown.

3. Rational Antibacterial Therapy Should Be Constructed Taking

3. Rational antibacterial therapy should be constructed taking into account sensitivity of the flora sowed from -. In the absence of the data about sensitivity of flora it is expedient - to use antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action (amino-glikozidy, , etc.) in a combination with , metronidazole . Besides introduction of antibiotics intravenously, intramuscularly or through a mouth, it is necessary to enter them into a bronchial tree or an abscess cavity (in the form of an aerosol, through at , in an abscess cavity at an abscess puncture). 4. Normalisation of warm activity reach cardiacs. For and microcirculation improvements it is necessary to use a haemomisinformation, . 5. Therapy has great value . Repeated blood transfusions, plasmas, introduction IgG (gamma globulin), medical whey raise reactance of an organism-. It is promoted also by some medicamentous means: , , , etc. At staphylococcal introduction or others fatty , used for a food is necessary also. Fat entered into a blood channel connects - bacterial and reduces their destroying - action by a pulmonary fabric.

Breath Infringements Are More Expressed At A Stenosis

Breath infringements are more expressed at a stenosis of a large bronchial tube. Infection joining, development cause a clinical picture, characteristic for illnesses (see more low) . Anomalies of blood supply of a share or a segment of the lung, not having a bronchial tube, name the sequester "Sekvestrirovannyj" lung department the abnormal - artery departing from an aorta Distinguish intrashare at which the site of the lung which has been not connected with a bronchial tree, is in thickness of a share, and extrapulmonary at which this site from the basic part of a lung and is connected to it only fibrous crosspiece. it is usually observed in departments of the bottom shares of a lung, more often at the left. Clinically it is shown at development of complications, mainly inflammations. In - lung department appear , filled with contents. They are well visible at radiological research-. At mark absence of filling - with contrast substance of bronchial tubes of corresponding department of a lung.

Ventilation Of Premises In Mines, Shops Of Factories

ventilation of premises in mines, shops of factories and the - factories making asbestos, varnishes, substance, etc. Workers of these enterprises not less often than 1 time in 6 should - be exposed to careful medical examination and photoroentgenography for revealing of early displays of a cancer of a lung. Sanitary-educational work should promote reduction of number of smokers. Pathological anatomy: the lung cancer develops - from bronchial tubes and bronchial e. Allocate three basic histologic kinds: 1) a cancer (with , without , not differentiated-); 2) a ferruterous cancer of various degree of differentiation; 3) not differentiated cancer (, or ). Quite often histologic structure in different sites - of a tumour is various. In these cases speak about (having two kinds cages) and (cages having three kind) tumours. From integumentary bronchial tubes develops a cancer, from bronchial glands - - ferruterous. In early stages a lung cancer find out in the form of a plaque or on a bronchial tube mucous membrane.

Despite Variety Of Clinical Displays Of A Cancer

Despite variety of clinical displays of a cancer - of a lung, it is possible to allocate some the most typical variants of its current. The central cancer. ( and ) tumours in an initial phase of the development do not give typical - clinical displays. The beginning of cough patients, especially - smokers, carry the account of an aggravation of a bronchitis. Sometimes patients complain of some difficulty of the exhalation, "whistling" breath. At radiological research during this period it is possible - to note occurrence (caused by difficulty - of an exhalation) emphysemas of a site of the pulmonary fabric ventilated through the amazed bronchial tube, and also symptom presence Goltsk-nehta - Yakobson (displacement towards the amazed lung at a fast deep breath). Further cough - it becomes frequent hoarse, in there are blood proveins. The local emphysema is replaced by occurrence of a zone of hypoveins-tiljatsii of a corresponding part of a lung. In this period more often after overcooling develops cancer -.

Outflow Of Blood From Vessels Of Large Bronchial

Outflow of blood from vessels of large bronchial tubes occurs on the bronchial veins running into unpaired and semiunpaired veins, and from capillaries of small bronchial tubes directly - in a branch of pulmonary veins Between branches of small pulmonary arteries and veins are available shunts which in norm do not function and open only in the presence of a number of pathological conditions. As from pulmonary vessels in - bronchial, and on the contrary, from bronchial arteries in pulmonary vessels, blood dump Lymphatic system of a lung is possible is well developed and consists from: 1) initial networks of lymphatic capillaries, 2) textures, 3) taking away vessels which join lymphatic channels. Allocate four groups lymph nodes: 1) intrapulmonary, located in lungs and in places of division of bronchial tubes-, 2) , lying in area of gate and a lung root, in yax divisions of the main thing and share bronchial tubes, 3) , located in a place tracheas, 4) , located along a trachea. The lymph current goes from periphery to a root of a lung and to a confluence of a lymphatic - channel passes at least through one of a lymph knots.

At Radiological Research - Increase Of A Transparency

At radiological research - increase of a transparency and pauperisation of pulmonary drawing in the field of an emphysema is visible. Treatment - delete the changed department of a lung At development of "a pressure syndrome", sharp frustration of breath and a haemodyne removal make urgently. If disease accepts a chronic current, at the account of possibility of normalisation of elements - of a wall of a bronchial tube in the course of growth and development of the child with operation it is not necessary to hasten and apply it only at the phenomena of respiratory insufficiency DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES of VESSELS of LUNGS and vessels of easy Nedorazvitie of vessels of a lung it is usually combined with or absence of a share or all lung, an emphysema, a pneumosclerosis, . At development of inflammatory process in the changed lung the condition of the patient worsens. Treatment: at satisfactory function of the second lung removal of its changed department is shown. Arteriovenoznye aneurysms and fistulas.

- Omission Of Mammary Glands. Loss Of Elasticity

- omission of mammary glands. Loss of elasticity - of fabrics promotes with the years progressing of disease at - corpulent women, and also at a sharp weight loss There is a pain owing to blood circulation infringement, , a hypostasis, - skin pleated under a mammary gland. Treatment: at moderately expressed recommend carrying of the free bodices made under individual orders to Young women it is possible to recommend plastic operations with the cosmetic purpose. MAMMARY GLAND DAMAGES Cracks of nipples arise after the delivery and in the first months of a lactation. Aetiology: features of a structure of nipples (involved, - underdeveloped), easy vulnerability of a skin of a nipple at feeding - of the child, insufficient hygienic care of dummies during Crack feeding can be single and plural, superficial and deep. At deep cracks bleedings are possible. Treatment: it is directed on acceleration of healing of cracks - 1) before feeding carefully process dummies - disinfectant solutions (40 50 % spirit, a solution 1-5000), 2) after feeding put bandages (with lanolin, vaseline, the ointments containing , 5 % ointment), before feeding delete ointment, 3) physiotherapeutic procedures (an ultra-violet irradiation of area of nipples) Preventive maintenance: it is spent before sorts (regular - massage of nipples and a mammary gland, mammary glands - by serially warm and cold water, wiping by a rough towel).

The Tachycardia Reaches 120 In A Minute And

The tachycardia reaches 120 in a minute and more, is quite often accompanied vibrating -, warm insufficiency II - III degrees on Lang. The basic - exchange of +60 % and more, weight of a body sharply decreases. - Work capacity is lost. Treatment: there are three principal views of treatment - - medicamentous therapy, treatment _131, surgical intervention. Medicamentous therapy is directed on regulation of functions of the central nervous system, , vegetative nervous - system. Apply and sedative means (, , etc.), on 0,1 - 0,25 mg 3 times a day. At the expressed tachycardia appoint beta-blokatory.kotorye reduce hyperfunction of a myocardium at the expense of decrease in arterial pressure, minute emission of blood, slow down a rhythm knot. For decrease in hormonal function of a thyroid gland - application of preparations of iodine in a combination with tireostati-cheskimi preparations is necessary. Which appoint in doses to 40 - 60 mg/sut; at remission approach establish - supporting dose of a preparation 5 - 10 mg/days By preoperative - preparation or during the moment a crisis at over-pochechnikovoj insufficiency use which - block peripheral action and detain him .