Neck Borders Top - Passes On A Bottom Edge

Neck borders top - passes on a bottom edge of the bottom jaw through top a shoot to an external occipital hillock, bottom - passes on to a breast cutting, clavicles and further to an awned shoot of VII cervical vertebra which is easily palpated at a ducking. Neck departments: forward department - or a neck in the narrow sense of the word, back department - area. In back area of a neck along with cervical department of a backbone muscles beginning from it with their vessels and nerves are located. In forward area of a neck neck bodies are located. The throat passing in a trachea, to a trachea in front and from sides a thyroid gland and parathyroid glands, and behind a throat and a trachea is a drink, proceeding in a gullet. In neck departments pass carotids, internal veins and wandering nerves. DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES (torticollis) - the deformation of a neck accompanied - by wrong position of a head. Distinguish , caused by a dislocation or an incomplete dislocation of cervical vertebras; hypoplastic - connected with trapezoid and grudinokljuchichno-sostsevidnoj muscles; , caused by cicatricial changes of a skin of a neck; , developing - at decrease in hearing and sight owing to the compelled position of a head; bone - caused by defeat of vertebras-; - developing at defeat of nervously-muscular - formations of a neck; reflex and spastic, connected with reduction of muscles of a neck of one party.

Defect Consists Available Functioning Shunts At Level And

Defect consists available functioning shunts at level and or larger vessels aneurysms or conglomerates vessels on type Sometimes are thus formed. Distinguish localised and defeats. - Owing to presence shunts there is a dump blood from pulmonary arteries in veins. The basic symptom of disease , shown by a short wind, sharp , change of fingers of hands in the form of - drum-type sticks. The diagnosis, aneurysms - helps a diagnosis establishment - research with increase or . Treatment: last years at fistulas and aneurysms of lungs with success apply - operations Using a technique on Seldingeru, spend special to area aneurysms or and enter special with a ball of threads a blood clot Formed thus conducts to closing Dump blood in a pulmonary vein stops, there comes recover By means of such technique it is possible to achieve liquidation of several fistulas and an aneurysm, lungs localised in various departments. At failure interventions and localisations in one share of a lung the resection of its amazed part is shown.

Primary Tumours Start With A Wall Of A

Primary tumours start with a wall of a trachea and can be good-quality and malignant. Develop more often at the main bronchial tubes on a webby part. To good-quality tumours of a trachea carry a papilloma, a fibroma, , an adenoma, to malignant a cancer, to tsilind-rum and a sarcoma. Malignant tumours of a trachea make 0,1 0,2 % of all malignant new growths; are more often observed - at men. Clinic and diagnostics: most often sick with tumours complain of the cough amplifying at - change of position of a body and displacement of a trachea at its palpation. Cough can be dry or with which at tumour disintegration accepts putrefactive character. it is observed - usually in the form of blood proveins, arises as a late symptom is more often, however at can be intensive and - is the basic symptom of disease. Later, usually at narrowing of a gleam of a trachea on 2/3, there are other symptoms: voice change, difficulty of the breath sometimes accepting character , a short wind. The short wind happens is more often that distinguishes it from a short wind at a bronchial - asthma.

The Mastitopodobnyj Cancer Is Shown By Body Rise

The mastitopodobnyj cancer is shown by body rise in temperature, mammary gland increase in sizes, a hypostasis, skin. Illness quickly progresses, early there are metastasises. The diagnosis confirms . the cancer is shown by mammary gland consolidation, it , skin with rough-, edges, local rise in temperature of a skin. The tumoral knot does not come to light at . Cancer cages extend mainly on intraskin - lymphatic vessels (cancer ). Armour-clad cancer. Tumoral at this form of a cancer extends on a ferruterous fabric, a skin and hypodermic - a mammary gland, sometimes on the second mammary gland. The mammary gland is reduced in sizes, is mobile, the skin over it is condensed, a surface rough, reminds an armour. Cancer of Pedzheta. Meets in 3 - 5 % of supervision of a cancer of a mammary gland. The tumour develops from lacteal channels and on them extends towards a nipple, amazes a skin of a nipple and . Further goes and on lacteal channels to depth of a mammary gland, there is a cancer knot in a mammary gland.

Damage Of A Gullet To Cervical Department, Besides

Damage of a gullet to cervical department, besides the symptoms connected with damage of vessels, a throat or a trachea, - pains at swallowing, a saliva and the swallowed food and a liquid in a wound. Treatment: at. Small damages defect in a wall take in a seam. At extensive damages of edge of a wound file to a skin for formation and the subsequent plastic arts. For feeding of the patient impose . Not diagnosed damage of a gullet at chipped wounds of a neck leads to development . ABSCESSES AND NECK PHLEGMONS Abscesses and phlegmons of a neck are a consequence purulent , developing as a result of of infection drift at a tonsillitis, an inflammation jaws, mucous membranes - of an oral cavity, a middle ear, a cavity of a nose and its additional cavities is more often-. deep abscesses and neck phlegmons are dangerous because of such developing complications, as a sepsis, a heavy - intoxication, transition of a suppuration to walls of blood vessels with their subsequent destruction and a massive bleeding-, vein thrombosis development, and brain abscesses.

The Most Frequent Source Secondary Is The -

The most frequent source secondary is the - abscess of a lung or , broken in a pleural cavity, and also a pneumonia These processes serve as the reason of development of disease more than at 90 % of sick Gematogennyj infection drift in a pleura (at a mastitis, an osteomyelitis, and ) is observed approximately at 5 % of patients. The activator kind at sharp pleurae is appreciably defined by character of primary disease. At primary , caused by getting - wound of a thorax, the microbic flora can be various-, special weight differ , caused flora. At secondary it is the most frequent from pus sow , a stick, a streptococcus both in the form of monocultures, and in various combinations. subdivide into A.Ostrye (duration of disease - to 8 ) and. Chronic (duration of disease - more than 8 ). Both sharp, and chronic divide into following - groups I On character : e; the putrefactive. II On character of microflora: specific (tubercular-, and ); nonspecific (staphylococcal-, , and ), caused by the mixed - flora III By origin: the primary; the secondary.

Tumours It Is Limited, There Are Metastasises In

tumours it is limited, there are metastasises in displaced knots IV stage a tumour sprouts in surrounding structures and bodies at full a thyroid gland, not movable lymph nodes Metastasises in lymph nodes of a neck and , the remote metastasises of Regionarnoe occurs in - deep cervical, preguttural, pre - and - lymph nodes. it is observed in the remote - bodies, lungs and bones is more often are surprised. Clinic and diagnostics: early clinical symptoms - the fast increase in the sizes of a craw or a normal - thyroid gland, increase in its density, change of contours of Iron becomes hilly, inactive, are palpated cervical lymph nodes. The immovability and tumour consolidation create a mechanical obstacle for breath and swallowing. At a returnable nerve there is a change , the hoarseness connected with of vocal chords In later terms develops the symptoms caused of a tumour are marked. Often sick complain of pains in the field of an - ear and a nape For the differential diagnosis of new growths of a thyroid gland major importance the data of cytologic and - histologic research has - tumours which give the chance - not only to establish the disease diagnosis, but also to define morphological type of a tumour of Lozhnonegativnye results at a puncture of a malignant tumour of a thyroid gland receives approximately at 30 % of patients Treatment: the basic method of treatment of a cancer of a thyroid gland the surgical.

Cough With Fetid Plentiful Is Observed Seldom. At

Cough with fetid plentiful is observed seldom. At survey sometimes - reveal backlog of the amazed party at breath, dense - bagrovo-cyanotic painful on a chest wall. The radiological picture in initial stages of defeat also can be treated as an abscess or a chronic - pneumonia, especially when develops against these diseases. However defined presence process with rough , starting with a root of a lung or , involving in process and a sharp thickening or pleurae, small - changes from outside a bronchial tree, despite a long current of disease, change of edges in area should force to assume the doctor lungs and purposeful diagnostic search. The diagnosis is indisputable at a finding and a fungus in lumps and the weights which have been scraped out from fistulas in case of their formation. Treatment: conservative - refresher courses of treatment , the big doses of penicillin or ; are necessary also stimulating and therapy (blood transfusion, preparations of iron, etc.). Operative treatment apply only at the isolated forms of defeat when it is possible to be limited to a resection of a part of a lung.

The Basic Method Of Diagnostics Is . Treatment:

The basic method of diagnostics is . Treatment: at abscesses along with antibacterial - therapy abscess opening through is shown, at got its resection sometimes is possible. TRACHEA STENOSES The got not tumoral stenoses of a trachea can be - primary - caused by presence of pathological process actually in a trachea (a tuberculosis, cicatricial deformation after , etc.), and secondary - caused - it from the outside. Allocate, except that, so-called a stenosis. On degree of expressiveness of infringements of breath distinguish - compensated, subcompensated and a - trachea stenosis. At the compensated stenosis of difficulty of breath are expressed unsharply; at subindemnification patients are uneasy At survey trembling of wings of a nose is visible pliable places of a neck, . At a stenosis there come - sharply expressed frustration of breath up to . Primary stenoses. Cicatricial stenoses of a trachea after , especially are most often observed when - long time was spent . The diagnosis: is based on the data of the anamnesis and occurrence of attacks of difficulty of breath.

Apply At Palpated Formations - Of A Mammary

apply at palpated formations - of a mammary gland for the purpose of differential diagnostics. The method - allows to define skin rise in temperature over - lymph nodes (, , , ) at presence in them of metastasises. Skin temperature over cancer knot on 1,5 - 2� above, than over good-quality formation or healthy sites of mammary glands. Features of a sectoral resection at not palpated - formations of a mammary gland consist that a site which is subject to removal, define on the basis of the analysis of roentgenograms - of the mammary glands executed in two projections and precisely specifying - in localisation of the pathological centre. In day of operation make interstitial marks of the formation which are subject to removal, by introduction 0,5 - 1 ml of a solution of 1 % dark blue in a mix about 0,5 ml of contrast substance (60 % of a solution , ). Correctness of marks supervise - repeatedly . Make a sectoral resection of a mammary gland. To check up correctness of removal - of the planned site, do the roentgenogram of remote sector.

However Through Some ' The Period Again Raises

However through some ' the period again raises a body temperature, - cough Through 7 amplifies - - 12 days occur an abscess, the body temperature decreases. Subsequently aggravations become longer and frequent the phenomena of a purulent bronchitis Develop, the intoxication and the dystrophic - changes connected with it - in bodies accrue-. The second type. The sharp period without the expressed remission passes in a chronic stage. Disease proceeds with in temperature. Patients allocate to 500 ml/sut, and sometimes and more purulent , sharing at standing for three layers. Quickly develops and the heavy form of an intoxication - leading to the general exhaustion and a dystrophy of bodies - to the Thicket such type of a current of disease accrues -- takes place at plural - abscesses of a lung At patients a characteristic kind: they are pale, the skin of an earthy shade, mucous membranes , is marked in the beginning persons, then there are hypostases on stops and a waist, connected with albuminous starvation and infringement of function - of kidneys Quickly legochno-warm insufficiency of which patients die accrues.

The Most Frequent Is - Congenital Owing To

The most frequent is - congenital owing to a hypertrophy grudinokljuchichno-sostsevidnoj muscles with its cicatricial regeneration conducting to shortening of a muscle. As the reason congenital muscular consider wrong position of a head of a fruit in pre-natal - development or a patrimonial trauma. The sostsevidnyj shoot from outside curvatures comes nearer to a clavicle, and the chin end goes in opposite, healthy, the party. Treatment: in the first year after a birth conservative - massage, physiotherapy exercises. Surgical treatment spend aged after 1 year. Operation consists in crossing parts of a muscle and lying behind -. Median and neck fistulas. Median and neck fistulas - , connected with shchitovidno-jazychnogo a channel. Clinic and diagnostics: median necks settle down on an average line of a neck between a hypoglossal bone and an - upper edge of a thyroid cartilage, sometimes in a submaxillary triangle-, but are necessarily connected with a hypoglossal bone. Grows slowly and looks like painless roundish , it is displaced at swallowing.

Tumour Growth Is Accompanied By The General Intoxication,

Tumour growth is accompanied by the general intoxication, body rise in temperature. At a sarcoma of bones on roentgenograms - depression or destruction of a bone fabric is visible. Treatment: combined - a combination of radical - surgical intervention with beam and chemotherapy. MAMMARY GLAND Mammary gland - pair body. Mammary glands develop from - and are modified skin glands, - settle down on a forward surface of a thorax at level from III to VI edge between a lobby axillary and nearby-grudinnoj lines of the corresponding party. Each mammary gland consists from 15 - 20 shares located - in a direction and surrounded with a friable connecting and fatty fabric. Each share - represents an alveoljarno-tubular piece of iron with the lacteal channel - opening at top a dummy. Before an exit on a nipple channels extend - and form lacteal sine. The nipple on an extent about 4 sm is surrounded gentle by a skin (rola mammae). The mammary gland is in a case - formed from superficial which is split on two plates-.

NO There Are Defeat Signs No Lymph Nodes

NO there are defeat signs no lymph nodes N1 Defeat signs and (or) root knots, including direct distribution of a primary tumour N2 Signs of defeat of lymph nodes NX - the minimum complex of research cannot be applied to a condition estimation lymph nodes M - the remote metastasises. - there are no signs of the remote metastasises Ml signs of the remote metastasises To four stages of a cancer of a lung on the International classification - there correspond the following combinations TNM. I stage: T1 - T2NOMO; II stage: T1 - T2N1MO: III stage: T1 - T2N2 - ; IV stage: any combination TNM in the presence of Ml (degree and N specify at histologic research). For more total characteristic of features of disease subdivide a lung cancer on accompanying complications. - Allocate: 1) not complicated current and 2) complicated (, a pneumonia, a pleurisy, etc.). Clinic and diagnostics: in initial stages of disease the - semiology poor, in later - is characterised by the signs which are taking place and at other diseases of lungs the Most frequent displays of a cancer of a lung - chest pains, cough, a short wind, body rise in temperature, at various forms of a cancer of a lung are observed with various frequency.

At And Follicular Forms Of A Cancer Of

At and follicular forms of a cancer of a thyroid gland (I - II stages) are shown subtotal with audit of lymph nodes and their removal at revealing of metastasises. At III stage of disease - spend the combined therapy: preoperative gamma therapy, then subtotal or total with fastsialno-futljarnym from both parties. At a cancer III - IV stages if preoperative beam - therapy was not spent-, it is expedient to spend a postoperative irradiation. For influence to the remote metastasises at the differentiated - forms of a cancer appoint I133. The forecast favorable at follicular and forms of a cancer of a thyroid gland. At the solid and - not differentiated forms of a cancer the forecast bad even at rather early surgical intervention. PARATHYROID GLANDS AND THEIR DISEASES Okoloshchitovidnye glands (glandulae parathyreoideae) - glands of internal secretion. Are located on a back surface of a thyroid gland, out of its capsule, more often on two on each party. Their size and quantity considerably - vary.