Disease Usually Arises At Young Age. Men And

Disease usually arises at young age. Men and women are ill equally often. Aetiology and : seldom have a congenital origin. Usually in such cases they are combined - with other developmental anomalies, for example, with a sinusitis, a return arrangement of bodies, a pancreas (a syndrome of Kartagenera); developmental anomalies of vertebras and edges, gullet expansion (a syndrome of Turpina) and a number of other - developmental anomalies. However at the overwhelming majority of patients are the acquired disease developing - often after transferred a pneumonia, a whooping cough, a bronchitis, foreign matters. Development is promoted by following factors: 1) changes properties of a wall of a bronchial tube of the congenital or got character; 2) corking of a gleam of a bronchial tube owing to a - mucous membrane hypostasis, a tumour, a purulent stopper, a - foreign matter; 3) increase of intrabronchial pressure. Depending on prevalence of this or that factor - arise , combined with parts of a lung or without it.

Pay Also Attention To Presence - Of Changes

Pay also attention to presence - of changes in area of a root of a lung Expressed fibrous and the changes which have been found out at , often are in the obvious contradiction with a good condition of the patient. The definitive diagnosis is helped research- -rezkopolozhitelnaja by reaction of Vassermana. At difficulties in the differential diagnosis apply specific therapy which at a syphilis gives fast therapeutic effect. Treatment: the conservative. Surgical intervention on at irreversible consequences of a syphilis: at proof cicatricial changes of bronchial tubes with formation or stenoses of bronchial tubes, . lungs can be caused radiant fungus Actinomyces bostroem which gets to respiratory ways at chewing of cones of cereals; however more often its activator is Actinomyces Wolf - Israel which in oral cavities at fangs, in teeth and from here gets to respiratory ways. Consider, however, probable more frequent distribution in lungs from a belly cavity through a diaphragm or through a gullet, to a drink and .

External Its Leaf Covers A Thorax From Within,

External its leaf covers a thorax from within, and internal densely grows together from different directions with a fabric of a lung In the field of a root easy both leaves of a pleura pass one in another, and from top to bottom from a lung root the pulmonary sheaf is formed in a kind pleurae. Below free edge it almost reaches a diaphragm. In to a pleura distinguish costal, and parts. The costal pleura covers from within edges, interedges muscles and with which it is connected by a layer friable . It facilitates - lung allocation together with a pleura at unions. In the bottom departments of a chest cavity there are the spaces which volume changes at breath. These spaces are formed by leaves pleurae To them carry reberno-diafragmalnyj a sine located in a place of transition of a pleura in costal, a reberno-median sine, lying at a place of transition of a costal pleura in . Between pleura leaves in norm 20-25 ml of a liquid, unobstructed movement of a lung contain at the breath certificate.

At Opened There Is A Free Message Of

At opened there is a free message of a pleural cavity with atmospheric Sdavlenie of a lung atmospheric air (a lung collapse) on the party causes development of so-called paradoxical breath At a breath air in a lung of the healthy party gets not only from an environment, but also from a lung on the damage party, at an exhalation the part of air from a healthy lung gets to a lung on the damage party, inflating it Thus a little, at opened having fallen down a lung makes weak respiratory movements, the return to a lung on the healthy party As a result depth of breath sharply decreases, pulmonary ventilation is broken and develops . Owing to irritation extensive pleura fields come heavy reflex infringements of breath and warm activity, quite often there is a flotation Death comes from and infringements of warm activity. Treatment: first aid is reduced to imposing a bandage tightly closing a wound, conducting in a pleural cavity. Necessary medical action is wounds of a chest wall with the subsequent air and accumulating in a pleural cavity .

At A Heavy Current Of A Sharp Mastitis

At a heavy current of a sharp mastitis suppression of a lactation by preparations, secretion (a - combination of preparations of an estrogen with ) is shown-. At a purulent mastitis abscess opening is necessary. Operation carry out under anaesthetic that provides good audit and an abscess, only at small hypodermic abscesses probably application of local anaesthesia. A cut do depending on abscess localisation: at under skin and abscesses - , at - bow-shaped on edge , at on a transitive fold. During operation it is necessary to remove all fabrics and to liquidate become numb. An abscess cavity wash out an antibacterial solution and dvuhpro-svetnoj a drainage tube, a wound sew up, through a drainage the - next days carry out cavity washing. a purulent wound the rubber tube, calculated on passive outflow of pus, as a rule, cannot provide sufficient - effect. It is necessary to consider a punktsionnyj method of treatment of a sharp mastitis vicious as through a needle it is good to sanify a purulent cavity it is not possible.

In Dependence O Degrees Of The Specified Frustration

In dependence o degrees of the specified frustration of the patient can complain of a short wind, palpitation, sometimes stitches. At objective research it is visible a face skin, brushes of hands, at heavy frustration of breath to it accompany - pallor, cold Hoi, a tachycardia. At a thorax over area of a congestion of air define , breath is not spent or sharply weakened. helps to specify the diagnosis. At spontaneous the lung collapse while at , reaching even very big sizes, lightness of a pulmonary fabric remains is visible. Treatment: depends on character and volume . At asymptomatic small (within 5 - 20 % of a pleural cavity) special medical actions are not required. Air is usually soaked up within several days and the lung finishes independently. Sometimes happens it is necessary to accelerate evacuation of air 1 - 2 pleural punctures. If, despite the made punctures, - it is kept, it is necessary on 2 - 3 days a pleural cavity. A rubber drainage usually spend in the second - the third on lines with the help .

Rezetsirovannyj Sector Direct For Histologic Research - After

Rezetsirovannyj sector direct for histologic research - after which the question on the further tactics is dealt with. The international classification of a cancer - of a mammary gland At definition of a stage of disease consider degree of distribution of process ( - tumour), a condition lymph nodes (N - nodulus) and presence of the remote metastasises (M - metastasis). - a primary tumour. Tis - . (carcinoma in situ), or a nipple cancer (a cancer of Pedzheta) when the tumour in a mammary gland is not defined. THAT - the tumour in a mammary gland is not defined. 1 - The tumour in diameter to 2 see 2 - A tumour in diameter from 2 to 5 sm, the cancer of Pedzheta extending for limits a dummy. - the tumour in diameter from 5 to 10 see 4 - A tumour in diameter more than 10 sm or the defeat of a skin surpassing the sizes of a tumour. N - lymph nodes. NO - axillary lymph nodes on the defeat party are not palpated. N1 - Axillary lymph nodes on the defeat party are palpated, dense. N2 _ axillary lymph nodes on the defeat party big, are connected among themselves, the mobile.

Calculation Of Absolute Quantity In 1 Is Necessary

Calculation of absolute quantity in 1 is necessary thus for blood. A widespread method is also in vitro under influence or in . Exact enough representation about a condition gives to reactance of patients research of indicators about the test culture . Define following indicators: 1) - activity of leukocytes peripheral blood (in percentage - active leukocytes on 100 counted up), 2) a completeness indicator - number percentage microbes to total number (on 100 phagocytes), 3) - the average of the microbes - grasped by a phagocyte Decrease of these indicators at dynamic research testifies to decrease protection of an organism and specifies number - in necessity of its stimulation. DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE TRACHEA tracheas consists in partial or a trachea total absence. The child with this developmental anomaly perishes right after births. The congenital stenosis of a trachea can be primary owing to narrowing of a gleam of a trachea or secondary at it from the outside of increased gland, congenital -, abnormal vessels etc.

Metastasises In Lymph Nodes Are Frequent. The Diagnosis

Metastasises in lymph nodes are frequent. The diagnosis base on the data of clinical and cytologic researches . At early stages of disease it is shown radical on Holstedu. In the presence of metastasises the combined - and complex therapy is shown-. The greatest effect gives with the subsequent therapy . MAMMARY GLAND SARCOMA Malignant tumour; makes nearby 1 % of all malignant - tumours of a mammary gland. A consistence of a tumour from soft to . Tumour borders long time remain accurate. In late terms there is a communication of a tumour with a nipple and a skin, metastasises in lymph nodes. The sarcoma reaches the big size. Consists of one or several knots as though merging together. Cytologic research confirms the diagnosis. Treatment: surgical, combined with beam and - chemotherapy at observance of the same principles, as at a mammary gland cancer. TRACHEA, LUNGS, PLEURA The right and left lungs occupy the most part of a thorax and under the form are similar on in planes a cone. Each lung is concluded in a pleural bag.

At A Lung Cancer This Symptom Is Described

At a lung cancer this symptom is described by Fried. At a local - emphysema - , and at hypoventilation or - - shortening a sound over the amazed part of a lung. Bronhoskopichesky research gives the chance to reveal - tumour presence in a gleam of a bronchial tube and to make . Peribronhialnye tumours. The bronchial tube gleam at these tumours long time remains well passed, therefore, except strengthening of cough, nothing disturbs patients. At radiological research during this period it is possible to find out expansion of a root of a lung, presence of knot of a tumour, - looking like "a goose pad". At in the beginning comes to light only bronchial tube walls that complicates - diagnostics. In process of narrowing of a gleam of a bronchial tube by a tumour - hypoventilation, and then a pulmonary fabric with - displays typical - for them develops--: body rise in temperature, a short wind-, etc. At a cancer quite often first expression - of disease attracting attention of the patient, the - symptoms caused of a tumour in lymph nodes or remote bodies (quite often backbone, head and a spinal cord with characteristic neurologic - semiology) are--.

Sometimes Treatment By Iodine Strengthens Proliferativ Th Processes

Sometimes treatment by iodine strengthens proliferativ th processes in a mammary gland that can be connected with fabrics and increase in development - of an estrogen. The medical effect in this case can - be reached ( or ). At insufficiency of function of a yellow body in second half a cycle apply a progesterone. Preventive maintenance: timely treatment of infringements of functions - of glands of internal secretion, the frustration of female sexual sphere promoting occurrence . - disease of mammary glands at men. At boys it can be observed at - gormonalno-active tumours of sexual glands. Development can be observed at infringement of function of a hypophysis, a bark of adrenal glands, to meet at a cirrhosis-. Clinical forms : it is characteristic for young men, central meets at people of mature age. Treatment: should be directed on normalisation of functions - bodies. At the forms which are not giving in - to hormonal treatment, delete a mammary gland with nipple preservation urgent histologic research of a macropreparation Is necessary.

Laboratory Data Depends More On A Stage Of

Laboratory data depends more on a stage of development of disease-. It is quite often possible to note (more than 4 %), at a suppuration - increase , . To diagnosis statement appreciably (more than at 75 % of patients) helps test of Kazoni at which into thickness of a skin of a forearm enter 0,1 ml sterile a liquid (antigene), into a skin of other forearm for the control enter the same quantity of an isotonic solution of chloride - of sodium. At the patient through 30 mines - Zch round an introduction place liquids appear , hypostases and a skin itch which keep from several o'clock to 1 - 2 days Confirm the diagnosis also positive reaction of latex-agglutination. At it observe agglutination by antibodies - of particles of latex on which surface the antigene is adsorbed. Combination of presence of the roundish form of a shade to equal contours in a lung in a x-ray picture and positive test of Kazoni or the Latex-test do the diagnosis doubtless. At negative test the differential diagnosis spend - between , , peripheral -, i.

These Receptions Give The Chance To Define, -

These receptions give the chance to define, - whether the form and the sizes of mammary glands are identical, whether at one level mammary glands and dummies, whether have appeared changes in area of a nipple and , skin, swellings. Palpation of mammary glands and axillary hollows. - it is facilitated in position on a back. At inspection - of an external half of right mammary gland it is necessary to put under the right shovel a small pillow or the small platen from a towel, the right hand to extend along a trunk. Palpation make finger-tips of the left hand. Soft circular motions of a hand, slightly pressing on a mammary gland, feel all its departments. At first survey the mammary gland centre (- nipple area-), and then feel it, following from a nipple in a direction to - external edge of a mammary gland on radius up, then -, downwards. At palpation of an internal half of right mammary gland it is necessary to put the right hand under a head, and inspection to spend the left hand in the same sequence - from the centre to internal edge of a mammary gland on radius up, then , downwards.

PLEURA The Pathological Processes Causing Morphological It From

PLEURA The pathological processes causing morphological it from and infringements of function, are diverse Distinguish grasses pleura damages, inflammatory processes, pair diseases and pleura new growths TRAUMATIC DAMAGES of the PLEURA Pleura damages arise at the closed trauma of a thorax or its getting wounds, can be accompanied by one temporarily damage of a chest wall, a pulmonary fabric or other bodies, a congestion to a pleural cavity of air ( a cancer), blood , blood and air , liquids , accumulation , pus , pus and air . Development with the subsequent blood or in a pleural cavity can owing to a trauma, and also at break in a pleural cavity , an abscess or a lung, - destruction of a wall of a bronchial tube at disintegration of a tumour or tubercular hectare and can be result seams of an operational wound or their divergence at a suppuration On the end, it can be created is artificial with the diagnostic or medical purpose On character of the message with an environment and opened As special forms allocate and strained Opened .

The Thyroid Gland Increase At Can Reach Various

The thyroid gland increase at can reach various degree, its sizes do not correspond to weight of clinical displays. Sometimes thyroid gland increases it is not defined at all. The most expressed clinical - displays mark at a toxic craw. The basic symptoms are changes from outside nervous and cardiovascular system. Frustration from outside the central nervous system are shown by the raised - mental excitability, anxiety, unmotivated - mood swings, irritability and tearfulness-. Sharp increase of activity of sympathetic nervous - system is accompanied , a tremor of all body and fingers of hands (a symptom of Mari). The person often reddens, - becomes covered by red stains which extend on a neck and a breast. A body temperature constantly . Suhozhilnye reflexes are live and . Hair drop out, their colour changes, fragility of nails is marked. Pulse labile, becomes frequent at the slightest mental and physical activities. Changes of arterial pressure are observed - pressure raises owing to have withdrawn warm emission and volume of circulating blood, and dia-stolicheskoe decreases in connection with reduction of a vascular tone as a result insufficiency.