Distinguish Them From Peripheral Very Slow Growth, Accurate

Distinguish them from peripheral very slow growth, accurate contours. However the definitive diagnosis is possible only after - histologic or cytologic research. have accurately roundish form, homogeneous structure, usually come to light at young age. At and the message with a bronchial tube contain air, a liquid with - horizontal level. differentiate from a cancer on the basis of the data of the anamnesis, features of a radiological picture (one or several oval homogeneous shades in a lung with equal - contours, presence "a symptom ", a phenomenon "subkapsuljarno th "), positive reaction of Kazoni or the latex-agglutination test. Sometimes there is a necessity to spend the differential diagnosis between a cancer of a lung and a tumour . and differ a slow current, on roentgenograms - look like the roundish or lobular formations - which are settling down in forward . In tumours sometimes find out a - teeth, fragments of bones, in walls the centres -. settle down in forward , have the oval - form.

Besides, Allocate So-called A Cancer Characterised By Fast

Besides, allocate so-called a cancer characterised by fast development of metastasises of a tumour in - lymph nodes in the presence of a small tumour in a lung. The stage of development of tumoral process is defined on system. - a primary tumour. THAT is not present signs of primary tumour Tis - noninvasive a cancer 1 The tumour on the greatest diameter of 3 sm or is less, surrounded with a fabric of a lung or a pleura and without signs of defeat of a bronchial tree a share bronchial tube at 2 The tumour, which greatest diameter exceeds 3 sm, or a tumour of any the size), causing , or on root area. distribution a tumour should not outpass 2 sm Atelektaz or should cover not all lung, should not be a tumour of any size with direct distribution on adjacent bodies (a diaphragm, a chest wall, ) At tumour border is defined all in 2 sm , or the tumour causes - or ) all lung, or is available pleural - the diagnosis is confirmed by cytologic research , but the tumour is not found out or or is inaccessible you to the phenomenon (research methods cannot be applied) Regionarnye lymph nodes.

Clinical Displays Are Caused - By Joining Of

Clinical displays are caused - by joining of an infection and inflammation development in the expanded bronchial tubes. Patients mark cough with , frequent diseases, a short wind. The most informative method of treatment at a lung or its share is . At simple reduction of volume of a lung or its share, narrowing of a gleam of bronchial tubes accurately comes to light. At , besides reduction of volume of a lung or its share, are visible to a cavity with which segmentary and subsegmentary bronchial tubes come to an end. Treatment: treatment is possible only by a resection - of the changed part of a lung. Congenital stenoses of bronchial tubes. This developmental anomaly is observed seldom. As well as at a trachea stenosis, two forms - - distinguish the - stenoses arising at pressure from the outside (branches - of vessels and ), and the stenoses caused by formation of an internal diaphragm, interfering normal ventilation of a lung or its share. Disease symptoms depend on stenosis localisation.

At Women The Mammary Gland Cancer Is On

At women the mammary gland cancer is on the second place after a uterus cancer. The cancer of a mammary gland at men meets seldom (0,2 on 100000 man's population). Most often the cancer of a mammary gland at women is observed at the age of 50 - 60 years. Aetiology: as the reasons of development of a cancer of a mammary gland consider a combination of several factors: nasledstvenno-genetic - predisposition, a hormonal disbalance, insufficiency - reproductive and functions, organic diseases sexual and bodies, change from outside nervous system. The basic hormonal factor is increase activity, superfluous synthesis of sexual hormones or their introduction from the outside that stimulates - mammary glands from it . Chronic inflammatory changes in female genitals, sharp a mastitis - leading to the termination of a lactation, frustration menstrualno-ovarialnoj functions also are of great importance in occurrence - of a cancer of a mammary gland. The virus nature of a cancer of a mammary gland at the person is not proved.

At Come To Light Cylindrical Within One Pulmonary

At come to light cylindrical within one pulmonary segment. II. A suppuration Stage . Can be subdivided - into two periods: disease proceeds clinically as a purulent bronchitis with aggravations in a kind , - disease proceeds with the expressed symptoms - illnesses, cough constant, with allocation purulent from 100 to 200 ml/sut, quite often happen and bleedings-; aggravations in a kind 2 - 3 times a year. - There is a purulent intoxication, respiratory insufficiency At radiological research find out extended + (1 - 2 shares), sites a pulmonary fabric; during the aggravation periods - pneumonia focuses. III. The Stage . Also can be subdivided into two periods: a heavy current of disease with the expressed purulent - intoxication of Mokrota purulent to 500 - 600 ml/sut; often , pulmonary bleedings, appear partially reversible - infringements of function of a liver and kidneys. - reveal set , a widespread pneumosclerosis, displacement towards the amazed lung; the same, and also heavy frustration of warm - activity, respiratory insufficiency, irreversible dystrophic - changes of a liver and kidneys At patients with illness in II stage - of development work capacity is sharply lowered, in III stage - patients are invalid, often intolerant in a life owing to an unpleasant smell of exhaled air and considerable quantity allocation .

Brassieres And Underwear Should Be Pure, Cotton-. The

Brassieres and underwear should be pure, cotton-. The bruise of mammary glands can cause development of hypodermic or deep hematomas. At deeply located hematomas a cart development is possible. At hematomas - Replacement by a cicatricial fabric fatty causes mammary gland deformation, skin. These changes can be accepted for signs of a cancer of a mammary gland. To mammary gland give the raised position by means of a bandage At formation , Cicatricial changes - spend a resection of the amazed site of a mammary gland with - obligatory histologic research of a macropreparation. NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE MAMMARY GLAND Mastitis - inflammatory disease of a mammary gland. On a current the mastitis can be sharp and chronic. Usually - develops in one mammary gland; the bilateral mastitis is observed - seldom. Sharp mastitis. At 80 - 90 % of women the sharp mastitis is necessary on a mastitis developing in the postnatal period at feeding women. Arises in the first month after a first labour is more often.

On Cross-section Cuts Depending On Fabric Density, I.e.

On cross-section cuts depending on fabric density, i.e. From degree of absorption of x-ray radiation, it is possible to distinguish accurately tumours (more dense sites), , abscesses, a liquid congestion in a pleural cavity, presence of changes in at germination in it tumours of a lung or metastasises in lymph nodes. - radiological research after - filling of bronchial tubes with contrast substance - is of great importance for diagnostics and localisation specification , residual - cavities after the transferred abscess of a lung, fistulas, Cicatricial stenoses of bronchial tubes. Simultaneous - videorecording or filming considerably expand method possibilities. If necessary in details - to study only certain site of a bronchial tree apply directed which make by means of special Meter or "operated" . For the prevention so-called a pneumonia which - can develop after research, expediently use - in a mix with a preparation or - water-soluble contrast substances. - contrast research of vessels - of a lung.

A Toxic Craw Comes To Light Distinguish On

a toxic craw comes to light distinguish on degree - of increase in a thyroid gland (0 - V degrees) and on weight of a clinical course - easy, average and heavy forms. Classification on severity level. The easy form - the neurasthenia phenomena (feeling of weariness, irritability, tearfulness, sensitivity) are unsharply expressed. Thyroid gland increase, labile pulse - from 80 to 100 in minute, a weak tremor of hands. A small weight loss (less 0 % of weight of a body). Work capacity decrease in second half of day. The basic exchange does not exceed +30 %. average weight - the expressed frustration of functions of the central nervous system (easy excitability, - irritability, tearfulness). The Pulse rate 100 - 120 in minute, increase pressure, expansion of heart with warm insufficiency of I degree on Lang. Considerable decrease in weight of a body, work capacity decrease during the day. The basic exchange is raised to +60 %. The heavy form - along with frustration of nervous system, characteristic for - moderate severity level, sharp muscular weakness, heavy infringements of function of cardiovascular system, dystrophic infringements in bodies develop.

Settle Down Mostly In Back , Slowly Increase

settle down mostly in back , slowly increase in sizes, have the roundish form, are closely connected with a chest wall that comes to light at - introduction in a pleural cavity of a small amount of air. Quite often happens difficultly to distinguish - from a central cancer in a lung root. At other groups - of lymph nodes are often increased also-. The finding in from them Berezovsky-Shternberga cages confirms the diagnosis . - In the absence of the increased peripheral lymph nodes for diagnosis specification it is shown with one of the amazed lymph nodes. Treatment: a treatment principal view is operative (radical , ). Contra-indications to it can be caused the general condition of the patient: 1) the - sharp exhaustion that usually testifies to metastasises in other bodies; 2) obviously expressed, not giving in therapies legochno-warm or warm insufficiency; 3) the irreversible, sharply expressed changes of function of a liver and kidneys; 4) old age in the presence of the expressed age changes.

- Arising Thus It Is Accompanied By Heavy

- Arising thus it is accompanied by heavy frustration which can be characterised as a shock. The shock reasons are irritation of receptors of a pleura - atmospheric air, bacterial toxins, the top hollow vein, breath frustration. Receipt of toxins in a - pleural cavity and the subsequent them causes the general heavy with defeat of a myocardium, a liver, kidneys. - leads to emission , direct stimulation simpatiko-adrenalovoj systems, same promotes -, developing owing to in a pleural cavity. Under the influence of products bacteria there is a - clearing plasma that causes - microcirculation infringements-, haemodynamic infringements from which the cores - are increase in peripheral resistance, - reduction of warm emission. Deterioration of blood circulation of kidneys and - bodies of a belly cavity quickly leads to metabolic - frustration-dekompensirovannomu . Sharp the top hollow vein develops in the presence of - strained which is possible if the wall of a cavity of the opened abscess of a lung forms similarity of the valve passing air only in a pleural cavity.

Disease Usually Arises At Young Age. Men And

Disease usually arises at young age. Men and women are ill equally often. Aetiology and : seldom have a congenital origin. Usually in such cases they are combined - with other developmental anomalies, for example, with a sinusitis, a return arrangement of bodies, a pancreas (a syndrome of Kartagenera); developmental anomalies of vertebras and edges, gullet expansion (a syndrome of Turpina) and a number of other - developmental anomalies. However at the overwhelming majority of patients are the acquired disease developing - often after transferred a pneumonia, a whooping cough, a bronchitis, foreign matters. Development is promoted by following factors: 1) changes properties of a wall of a bronchial tube of the congenital or got character; 2) corking of a gleam of a bronchial tube owing to a - mucous membrane hypostasis, a tumour, a purulent stopper, a - foreign matter; 3) increase of intrabronchial pressure. Depending on prevalence of this or that factor - arise , combined with parts of a lung or without it.

Pay Also Attention To Presence - Of Changes

Pay also attention to presence - of changes in area of a root of a lung Expressed fibrous and the changes which have been found out at , often are in the obvious contradiction with a good condition of the patient. The definitive diagnosis is helped research- -rezkopolozhitelnaja by reaction of Vassermana. At difficulties in the differential diagnosis apply specific therapy which at a syphilis gives fast therapeutic effect. Treatment: the conservative. Surgical intervention on at irreversible consequences of a syphilis: at proof cicatricial changes of bronchial tubes with formation or stenoses of bronchial tubes, . lungs can be caused radiant fungus Actinomyces bostroem which gets to respiratory ways at chewing of cones of cereals; however more often its activator is Actinomyces Wolf - Israel which in oral cavities at fangs, in teeth and from here gets to respiratory ways. Consider, however, probable more frequent distribution in lungs from a belly cavity through a diaphragm or through a gullet, to a drink and .

External Its Leaf Covers A Thorax From Within,

External its leaf covers a thorax from within, and internal densely grows together from different directions with a fabric of a lung In the field of a root easy both leaves of a pleura pass one in another, and from top to bottom from a lung root the pulmonary sheaf is formed in a kind pleurae. Below free edge it almost reaches a diaphragm. In to a pleura distinguish costal, and parts. The costal pleura covers from within edges, interedges muscles and with which it is connected by a layer friable . It facilitates - lung allocation together with a pleura at unions. In the bottom departments of a chest cavity there are the spaces which volume changes at breath. These spaces are formed by leaves pleurae To them carry reberno-diafragmalnyj a sine located in a place of transition of a pleura in costal, a reberno-median sine, lying at a place of transition of a costal pleura in . Between pleura leaves in norm 20-25 ml of a liquid, unobstructed movement of a lung contain at the breath certificate.

At Opened There Is A Free Message Of

At opened there is a free message of a pleural cavity with atmospheric Sdavlenie of a lung atmospheric air (a lung collapse) on the party causes development of so-called paradoxical breath At a breath air in a lung of the healthy party gets not only from an environment, but also from a lung on the damage party, at an exhalation the part of air from a healthy lung gets to a lung on the damage party, inflating it Thus a little, at opened having fallen down a lung makes weak respiratory movements, the return to a lung on the healthy party As a result depth of breath sharply decreases, pulmonary ventilation is broken and develops . Owing to irritation extensive pleura fields come heavy reflex infringements of breath and warm activity, quite often there is a flotation Death comes from and infringements of warm activity. Treatment: first aid is reduced to imposing a bandage tightly closing a wound, conducting in a pleural cavity. Necessary medical action is wounds of a chest wall with the subsequent air and accumulating in a pleural cavity .

At A Heavy Current Of A Sharp Mastitis

At a heavy current of a sharp mastitis suppression of a lactation by preparations, secretion (a - combination of preparations of an estrogen with ) is shown-. At a purulent mastitis abscess opening is necessary. Operation carry out under anaesthetic that provides good audit and an abscess, only at small hypodermic abscesses probably application of local anaesthesia. A cut do depending on abscess localisation: at under skin and abscesses - , at - bow-shaped on edge , at on a transitive fold. During operation it is necessary to remove all fabrics and to liquidate become numb. An abscess cavity wash out an antibacterial solution and dvuhpro-svetnoj a drainage tube, a wound sew up, through a drainage the - next days carry out cavity washing. a purulent wound the rubber tube, calculated on passive outflow of pus, as a rule, cannot provide sufficient - effect. It is necessary to consider a punktsionnyj method of treatment of a sharp mastitis vicious as through a needle it is good to sanify a purulent cavity it is not possible.