At Simultaneous Damage Of A Lung The Operation

At simultaneous damage of a lung the operation volume is defined by character of this damage ( lung wounds, a lung resection) . Arises at a hook a kind the channel or lung damage when air enters into a pleural cavity, but leave it cannot, as the channel at an exhalation is covered with fabrics of edges of a wound of a chest wall (at external ) or a lung fabric (at internal ) As a result of it in cavities accumulates air, pressure gradually increases in it that leads to development strained , accompanied a lung, veins , displacement - in the healthy party, heavy frustration of breath and haemodynamics (rice 23, and,). K and diagnostics: strained it is shown by accruing frustration of breath and warm activity Accrue , the short wind, pulse becomes frequent, fillings At on the party is strained define high a sound, bodies in the healthy party. Treatment first aid consists in an urgent puncture of a pleural cavity for reduction of pressure in it. The subsequent medical actions depend on character of available damage and should provide liquidation the mechanism, air from a pleural cavity and a lung.

The Definitive Diagnosis In Doubtful Cases Is Possible

The definitive diagnosis in doubtful cases is possible only after a site of the changed wall of a bronchial tube or cytologic research -, a print or a bronchial tube mucous membrane. Histologic research of a slice of the tumour received at , helps to make the definitive diagnosis and at - suspicion on a good-quality central tumour. The differential diagnosis between peripheral -, , good-quality tumours and a lung is most difficult-. At before its disintegration and break in a bronchial tube when in appear a tuberculosis, and the cavity in a lung comes to light, the - differential diagnosis can be spent only on the basis punk-tsionnoi formations in a lung. Indirect signs are primary localisation of formation - in lung departments, the non-uniformity of a fabric - revealed at radiological research. The last speaks - distinction components in (from a pneumonia to ). Good-quality tumours of lungs peripheral gamarto - long time proceed , usually them casually reveal at radiological research.

Clinic And Diagnostics: The Pain In Mammary Glands

Clinic and diagnostics: the pain in mammary glands appears in the middle a cycle and before , is accompanied by consolidation of mammary glands, sometimes - from nipples. The pain can be: pricking, shooting, sharp with in a back, a neck. At a mammary gland define consolidation of lobular character with a rough - surface, fabrics, morbidity. After at a pain the insignificant, all mammary gland is in regular intervals condensed, . At central define the - single or plural centres; they , are not connected with a skin, with a nipple, are mobile, in a prone position of the patient - are not palpated (a symptom of Keniga negative). Lymph nodes are not increased. On an extent a cycle the consolidation centres do not change. On the shade against which are defined , sometimes - adjournment of salts of calcium is visible. Blackouts quite often - alternate with the sites of an enlightenment caused by presence . At development against a cancer the shade density, its homogeneity become more intensive, shades also amplify and become chaotic.

Treatment During The Periods Apply Treatment, Indication Means

Treatment during the periods apply treatment, Indication means to operation (removal of a share of a lung) arise at deterioration cavities, the frequent aggravations breaking work capacity of the patient. STAFILOKOKOVAJA OF THE LUNG Under staphylococcal lungs understand on at the patient drain or a pneumonia tending to to a pulmonary fabric with development of pleural complications of a pleurisy, , Aetiology can be primary when it arises - after the transferred pneumonia, or secondary owing to or drift of an infection from the extrapulmonary centre. Disease is more often observed at children, persons young and environments it age and is one of the main reasons lethal courses in flash of a flu epidemic And Pathological anatomy of change at at adults are characterised by a pneumonia carrying largely - and small character the inflammation Zone happens plentifully leukocytes to presence of sites a pulmonary fabric and destruction of interalveolar partitions. In bodies changes, characteristic for a sepsis develop.

Raising Pressure In System Of The Narcotic Device,

Raising pressure in system of the narcotic device, inflate a lung; thus it is squeezed out through a cut in a fibrous capsule. After its removal carefully take in bronchial fistulas and the formed cavity in a lung Ideal at small and absence inflammations; 3) a lung resection at make under strictly limited indications, mainly at extensive secondary inflammatory processes or a combination with another the diseases demanding a resection of a lung. At bilateral defeats operation is carried out in two this by pases with an interval 2 - 3 months after operations apropos makes - 0,5 - 1 %, relapses are observed approximately at 1 % of patients. Alveolar lungs. Meets at the person several times less often - single-chamber . Usually defeat extends on a lung from a liver through a diaphragm and a pleura. A current heavier and fast, than at single-chamber . At radiological research defeat comes to light in the form of the wrong form of the shade which character usually it is impossible to define.

In The Left Lung There Is No Average

In the left lung there is no average share, but according to it there is not separated by an accurate intershare furrow a segment of the top share a Pulmonary segment the basic morphological unit of a pulmonary fabric In its structure the anatomic complex having a separate bronchial tube, an artery, veins, nerves and lymphatic vessels Under the form a segment enters reminds the wrong form a cone or a many-sided pyramid with the top directed to a root, and the basis to lung periphery. boundary and (terminal and respiratory) in lung segments. Division comes to an end with alveolar courses, Table 1: Classification of segments of lungs Right a lung a share The top Average The bottom 1. Top 2. Back 3. Forward 4. 5. Medial 6. Top 7. (Warm) 8 Perednebazalnyj 9 Lateralno-bazalnyj 10 ZadnebazalnyjVerhnjaja Jazychkovyj segment The bottom 1 - 2. 3. Forward 4. Top 5, Bottom 6. Top 7 Is absent 8. 9. 10. Passing in the alveolar bags, which walls are stuck out and form alveoluses. Walls of alveoluses have three layers.

At By Means Of Special Nippers It Is

At by means of special nippers it is possible - to take a slice of a tumour or suspicious on it a slice of a fabric for histologic research, by means of a special brush - to receive a bronchial tube mucous membrane (so-called brash-biopsija) for histologic and cytologic research-, a damp tampon to take dab for cytologic - research. Special with optics (firm "Olimpus" or similar systems) give the chance to investigate bronchial branches 4 - 5 usages and to receive from them a material for cytologic research. Cytologic research. To cytologic research should be exposed , pleural , a material received brash-biopsiej and by means of a tampon at -, . Other methods of research apply under certain indications to specification of the diagnosis, definition of communication of a tumour of a lung with surrounding fabrics, revealings of metastasises, receptions a material. The computer tomography allows to receive the x-ray image of cross-section cuts of a thorax and its bodies with very big image sharpness and the big resolution.

Thus Find Out Tumours In Diameter To 0,5

Thus find out tumours in diameter to 0,5 sm which cannot be revealed at . Usually the woman herself finds out a tumour in a mammary gland - that forces it to address to the doctor. Sometimes a tumour - reveal unexpectedly for sick at routine inspection or the reference to the doctor concerning other disease. During this period diameter of a tumour usually already reaches 2 - 5 see The central form. Knot of a dense consistence, more often painless-, its surface rough, contours indistinct. Rugosity of a skin over a tumour can already appear at early stages of a cancer. This symptom specifies that the tumour grows most intensively in a direction to a skin, sprouting fatty and located in it connecting sheaves. In process of increase in the size of tumoral knot sheaves are involved - in process on an extent and occurs skin - a symptom "". Owing to cancer cages a lymphatic texture there is a skin hypostasis and a dummy. Nipple deformation, it - come to light at tumour distribution on channels (a symptom of Pribrama).

Diagnosis Statement Is Helped By Reaction Of Vassermana,

Diagnosis statement is helped by reaction of Vassermana, cytologic - research of prints from ulcer edges. Treatment . a mammary gland meets seldom, can be primary and secondary At primary the activator - gets to a mammary gland through a skin or on to lacteal channels At secondary the activator on falls in a mammary gland a way from amazed edges, a pleura, a lung. The clinic and diagnostics disease begins with occurrence on a place of introduction of a fungus of small small knots and abscesses - In the subsequent stage small knots merge in dense which then are softened by places. After opening - of abscesses are formed it is long not healing fistulas. The diagnosis put on the basis of the anamnesis ( other bodies) and detection a congestion a radiant fungus in - from fistulas. Treatment: a resection of the amazed site of a mammary gland, , the big doses of penicillin, - therapy, , . Lactation infringement - a total absence of milk at the feeding woman the Great value is given to lactation regulation-.

The Heaviest Complications In The Sharp Period Quite

The heaviest complications in the sharp period quite often causing a lethal outcome are abscess break in a pleural cavity with development strained a bleeding in a bronchial tree owing to which to come pus in not amazed sites of a bronchial tree and development of new abscesses formation of abscesses in the remote bodies more often in a brain. Medical actions are defined by character of complications at development strained it is necessary urgent for a pleural cavity at a bleeding in bronchial tubes a tree as emergency action is shown by a tube that allows to warn blood in bronchial tubes of not amazed lung. Further haemostatic therapy is spent. In the presence of corresponding a condition operation is expedient - bronchial arteries of the amazed lung which the bleeding in respiratory ways most often causes again formed abscesses in a lung treat in with the principles stated above, therapies of abscesses of a lung treat metastatic abscesses under the standard scheme (early opening of an abscess rational antibacterial therapy and ) CHRONIC ABSCESS OF THE LUNG To the chronic carry abscesses of lungs at which - pathological process does not come to the end within 2 months Aetiology of the reason of transition of a sharp abscess in chronic it is possible to divide on two groups.

On A Forward Surface Of A Neck There

On a forward surface of a neck there is a swelling displaced at swallowing. Heavy complication is development purulent . The sepsis Sometimes develops. That is why all patients - accept hospitalisation for the purpose of active treatment. Treatment: appoint antibiotics; at abscess formation its opening in order to avoid distribution of purulent process on a neck and is shown. Not purulent ( Kervena - Krajla) is caused by a virus infection. Disease on clinical displays is similar with purulent . - Differs that the skin over gland is not changed and in an aggravation - there are signs (it is raised ). Treatment: appoint hormones of a bark of adrenal glands (20 - 30 mg in day during 4 - 6 ). At repeated relapses it is shown on thyroid gland area. The forecast: usually favorable. Disease quickly - comes to an end with recover. Chronic Hashimoto. Disease carry to to pathological processes at which the antibodies formed in an organism, - are specific in relation to components of one body. At under the influence of the unknown reasons the thyroid gland starts to produce Hashimoto changed gormonalno-inactive -, different from .

The Stage III Is Characterised By Development Of

The stage III is characterised by development of complications - and suppurations , is very frequent with its break in a bronchial tube. Complications: as a result of hit in bronchial tubes of healthy departments - of lungs a liquid and covers of bubbles can - come . sometimes breaks in a pleura, a - pericardium, a belly cavity that is accompanied by a heavy shock owing to toxic influence on the device and toxic liquids; during this period - quite often appear on a skin. Subsequently Occurs a serous surface and inflammation development. Rupture can be accompanied by a heavy - bleeding. At presence a lung patients quite often mark the rise in temperature of a body caused - by an inflammation. At a suppuration the body temperature - raises to 38 - 39� and long time keeps. At rupture its purulent contents with the rests of covers , and clear the throat. Diagnostics: at survey of a thorax sick - a lung ' to see this or that department, change of intercostal intervals in comparison with the - healthy party.

It Is Characterised By The General Weakness, -

it is characterised by the general weakness, - constant feeling of weariness, apathy, drowsiness, the general block of patients. The skin becomes dry, wrinkled, . Hair start to drop out, there are pains in finitenesses-, sexual function weakens. Treatment: appoint and other preparations - of a thyroid gland. With development of microsurgical technics and - successes of immunology began to carry out - thyroid gland allotransplantation-, using a transplant on a vascular leg. Apply - also free slices of a fabric of gland under a skin, in a muscle, however these operations usually give temporary effect, therefore in practice apply basically replaceable therapy. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES The inflammatory process developing in a thyroid gland not changed before, name , and developing against a craw - . The development reason and is the sharp or chronic infection. Sharp or begins with rise in temperature - of a body, a headache and a severe pain in a thyroid gland-. A pain in occipital area and an ear.

Appears Breath Later. To Specify Features Of Defeat

Appears breath later. To specify features of defeat the tomography made necessarily in direct and lateral projections, and also helps, and at presence - bottom . Treatment: spend through the narrowed site and leave (within 1 year) a tube or expand a site . At failure of these actions operation is shown. At trachea narrowing in a cervical part performance of reconstructive operation with a skin rag, free and bone - transplants is possible-. At narrowing localisation in chest department of a trachea a unique radical method of treatment is the circular resection of the narrowed site of a trachea with - its subsequent restoration - the end in the end. Secondary stenoses. Can be caused developmental anomalies, and also the pathological processes - developing in adjacent bodies and fabrics (a craw, , an abscess, tumours of a neck and ). The Most frequent reason a stenosis of a trachea at adults is the craw. Along with gradual infringement of passableness of a trachea at it can arise sharp , caused by fast increase in the sizes of a craw at a hemorrhage or an inflammation .

Lung Syphilis Carry To Rare Forms Of A

Lung syphilis carry to rare forms of a pulmonary pathology It it is observed mainly in a combination to others by syphilis displays, mainly defeats - of heart and vessels to the Thicket meets in the form of the sclerous form, development and the Most frequent localisation of a syphilis of a lung - the bottom share of the right lung is possible. Patolotichesky anatomy - of change are various (a pneumonia, , ) Prominent feature of syphilitic defeats of lungs is formations round vessels, growths of an intershare and interalveolar - connecting fabric. Clinic and diagnostics: usually sick complain of stitches, behind a breast, more often the most intensive at night process Development begins, as a rule, gradually, without the sharp phenomena, at normal or to a body temperature. usually it is not enough, it of an unpleasant smell, are frequent . The radiological picture of a syphilis of lungs is diverse. As syphilis signs consider: lungs, the - drawing corresponding , limited, not so intensive blackouts at , more expressed blackouts - at a pneumonia.