In A Prone Position, And Also At The

In a prone position, and also at the physical activity raising intrabelly pressure, these phenomena decrease. The diagnosis: to a diagnosis establishment helps at which during a breath it is possible to note a webby part of a trachea in a direction. Treatment: the radical surgical. Operation consists in strengthening of a webby part of a trachea by a bone transplant. FISTULAS Fistulas between a trachea and a gullet can be congenital and got. Congenital fistulas grow out of incomplete closing a course from a primary gut in a respiratory tube, are formed in process of the general bookmark. More often fistulas are localised on 1 - 2 sm above tracheas and combined with or a gullet stenosis. Various variants tra-heopishchevodnyh fistulas can be observed. Congenital fistulas without a gullet are observed less often, located at level C7 - D1 vertebras. The basic clinical - displays fistulas: fits of coughing at feeding, development , a pneumonia. The diagnosis specify a - method contrast through , entered - into a gullet.

Clinical Displays: Skin Defeat (an Itch, , A

Clinical displays: skin defeat (an itch, , a dummy, crusts, , superficial - bleeding ), nipple deformation, nipple destruction, a tumour in a mammary gland. Metastasises in lymph nodes appear rather late. The diagnosis confirms detection large "cages of Pedzheta" at - research of crusts, , contents of vials. Diagnostics: difficulties at - statement of the diagnosis of a cancer of a mammary gland - arise only in - initial stages - of disease. The tumour - of a mammary gland in diameter - 5 - 10 mm, especially - if it is located - in deep departments of a mammary gland - of the big size, even the most skilled doctor cannot reveal at . Early - diagnostics is possible at inspection - of the women - making group - of raised risk (- women are more senior 35 years; women with - mammary gland diseases-; operated in the past - on a mammary gland-; a - uterus suffering - by diseases, - appendages, ; women in whom during mass - preventive - inspection - shades on have been found out-; women with an adverse - heredity).

Peripheral Cancer. Intrashare Tumoral Knot. In The -

Peripheral cancer. Intrashare tumoral knot. In the - beginning of development of distinct semiology there is no also a defeat reveal - usually casually at radiological research during - prophylactic medical examination. The tumour looks like a roundish shade in diameter 2 - 5 sm, with accurate contours. Gradually the tumour increases, squeezes, and then sprouts small bronchial branches. Usually - joins inflammatory process. Body rise in temperature, cough is thus marked. Treatment by antibiotics quickly improves the general condition of the patient, however a - shade in a lung remains. The further current of disease is defined by localisation of tumoral knot. At its arrangement is closer to a lung root usually early arises , and then a large bronchial tube and develops a segment or a share with characteristic for it a clinical picture. , besides a - shade of the triangular form, define roundish knot in the field of its top. Subpleural tumours. The core, and it is frequent also a unique symptom pains are.

Cavities Of The Expanded Bronchial Tubes For Pus.

Cavities of the expanded bronchial tubes for pus. In this stage are marked considerable m. changes and the bodies, caused - by a chronic purulent intoxication. The left lung is surprised in 2 - 3 times more often, than right - is the Most frequent develop in the bottom share of the left lung. Thus 70 % of patients have a defeat and a segment Simultaneous defeat of the bottom and average shares on the right - is observed at 40 % of patients. Approximately at 30 % of the patients suffering - by illness, bilateral defeat takes place. Clinic and diagnostics: for the - long, long-term current with periodic obostreni is characteristic. Some patients are disturbed many years only by cough with constantly increasing quantity . However at the - majority of patients the periods of relative well-being are replaced by the periods an aggravation during which time the body temperature raises, the significant amount branch is marked, - usually it makes from 50 to 200 ml/sut, at seriously ill patients reaches 500 ml and more.

The Similar Picture Can Take Place At A

The similar picture can take place at a so-called diving craw owing to its introduction between a trachea - and the breast handle. Breath frustration can arise and after operation at - walls of a trachea owing to constant pressure of a craw At the craw is as though the external skeleton keeping a gleam of a trachea. Craw removal leads to fall of walls of a trachea; its gleam becomes and there is a threat . In these cases it is necessary tracheas with the subsequent long fixing of walls of a trachea from outside its gleam a tube or external fixing forward and lateral walls to grudinokljuchichno-sostsevidnoj for a muscle. Use also - other methods of operations warning fall of a gleam of a trachea. Ekspiratornyj stenosis of a trachea. Arises owing to easing of a wide webby part of a trachea During an exhalation it in a trachea gleam, it is sharp it narrowing. Breath is broken. The considerable role in disease development is played by a chronic bronchitis, an emphysema of lungs. Patients usually complain of a short wind, asthma attacks, cough, feeling of a foreign matter in a trachea.

Metapneumonic Abscesses Arise At 1,2 - 1,5 %

Metapneumonic abscesses arise at 1,2 - 1,5 % sick of a pneumonia. Their development is favoured by decrease in reactance of the organism, sharply expressed infringements of ventilation and the blood supplies of a lung quite often caused by previous diseases of lungs, insufficiently active treatment of pulmonary process. Gematogenno-Embolichesky way. This way develop 7 - 9 % of abscesses of a lung. Infection hit in lungs occurs owing to carrying over by a current of blood infected from the extrapulmonary centres of an infection at , an osteomyelitis, a purulent thrombophlebitis, etc. Infected cork - lung vessels, - the heart attack of a lung which is exposed to purulent fusion develops. The abscesses having gematogenno-embolicheskoe an origin, are more often localised in the bottom shares; they . The limfogennyj way of development of pulmonary abscesses and a gangrene is observed seldom. Infection drift in lungs is possible at quinsy, , an abscess, etc. Abscesses and gangrenes of a traumatic origin grow out of the closed trauma of a thorax with damage of a pulmonary fabric and getting wounds.

Eventually It - Also Reaches 2 - 7

Eventually it - also reaches 2 - 7 mm. Under certain conditions there comes �destruction of a parasite. Such conditions can be: a suppuration , a hemorrhage in it, a trauma and rupture, sometimes ageing. At dying off the - liquid in grows turbid, is partially soaked up, partially turns - in weight; the cover becomes impregnated with salts to exhaust. Small sometimes turn to a cicatricial fabric. Clinic and diagnostics: as a rule, - develops slowly, sometimes within several years without giving - clinical displays; begins at young age is more often. Usually distinguish three stages of development of illness. The stage I - asymptomatic, can last for years. Disease - find out casually at carrying out of radiological research. The stage II is accompanied by dull aches in a breast and a back, a short wind, cough. Cough dry also is caused in the beginning by irritation - of nervous receptors of a pleura and bronchial tubes. Then with development pe-rifokalnogo inflammatory process, deformation of bronchial tubes and - difficulty of branch of a secret appears mucous , sometimes - with blood proveins that is caused by rupture of the small vessels surrounding .

Radiological Research Reveals In The Beginning Extensive Blackout

Radiological research reveals in the beginning extensive blackout in a lung; on a measure abscesses from contents against blackout cavities with liquid levels become visible. Recover of the patient, as a rule, does not come. progresses. Legochno-warm insufficiency, stagnation in a small circle of blood circulation, dystrophic changes bodies develop. All it quickly leads to death. Gangrene - the heaviest form of purulent defeat of a lung. the products of putrefactive disintegration formed at a gangrene of a lung, and bacterial toxins leads to an intoxication of the patient. At a lung gangrene early to separate the considerable quantity fetid foamy , looking like "meat slops" owing to an impurity of blood from pulmonary vessels. The - pleura that leads to development putrefactive or , as a rule, is involved in process-. At research of the patient the expressed short wind, an anaemia, , a considerable zone of shortening a sound over the amazed lung attract attention; at the set of damp rattles of various calibre is audible.

With The Years The Ferruterous Fabric Is Replaced

With the years the ferruterous fabric is replaced fatty, pains stop. (synonyms: illness of Reklju, illness of Shimelbusha, illness, , and ) it is difficult to differentiate Some forms - from a cancer, sometimes the cancer develops against . meets at the age of 30 - 50 years. Aetiology: infringement of the central nervous regulation, function gipotalamo-gipofizarnoj systems, , adrenal glands - and a thyroid gland. At patients - infringements ovarialno-menstrualnoj functions are quite often observed-, infringement ache functions. The important role in development belongs and to infringements in the ratio an estrogen and , and also to level increase mountains a hypophysis Under influence infringements recurrence of physiological processes in a mammary gland fabric that creates conditions for development - changes-. Pathological anatomy: growths of a dense - connecting fabric in a kind in which - friable grey-pink sites are located - and with a transparent - liquid Distinguish and central, forms -.

Malignant Tumours Follicular , A Tumour Of Langhansa,

Malignant tumours follicular , a tumour of Langhansa, a solid cancer, and not differentiated cancer, tumours - a sarcoma, , The thyroid gland cancer makes 0,4 - 1 % of all malignant - new growths. Develops in a central craw with the normal - or lowered function and it is very rare in a - toxic craw At 15 - 20 % of patients at histologic research - of a central craw find out a cancer In 3 - 4 times more often a cancer - are observed at women, than at men To the factors promoting development of a cancer of a thyroid gland, carry a trauma, chronic inflammatory processes, a x-ray irradiation of area - of a thyroid gland, long treatment I133 or preparations. Good-quality tumours of a thyroid gland are observed seldom. There is an International classification of a cancer of a thyroid gland by system TNM, however in practice use - classification by stages is more often-. Clinical stages of a cancer of a thyroid gland I stage - a single tumour in a thyroid gland without its deformation, germination in a capsule and restrictions IIA a stage single or plural tumours of a thyroid gland, its deformation, but without germination in a capsule of gland and its restriction Regionarnye and the remote metastasises are absent II a stage - single or plural tumours of a thyroid gland without germination in a capsule and without restriction , but at presence metastasises in lymph nodes on the amazed party of a neck III stage a tumour extending for limits of a capsule of a thyroid gland and connected with surrounding fabrics or squeezing the next bodies.

Beam Therapy At A Lung Cancer Use Mainly

Beam therapy at a lung cancer use mainly - at treatment of the patients who are not subject to operation, and in the - postoperative period at not differentiated cancer if the histologic diagnosis is established only at - histologic research of a remote tumour. Total the dose of beam influence makes 60 - 70 Gr (6000 - 7000 it is glad) during 8-10 treatments. The chemotherapy can be with operation, be spent to combinations with beam treatment or as an independent kind of treatment. Last two kinds of treatment use at inoperable forms of a cancer. Most often for treatment of a cancer of a lung use -, , . The forecast: patients after a diagnosis establishment I live-t about 1 year. After radical operation the forecast - is defined mainly by a stage and histologic structure of a tumour. Results of surgical - treatment of patients with a - cancer are especially adverse--. At the differentiated forms of a cancer after the operation - made at disease of I stage, the 5-year-old survival rate reaches 60 - 70 %, II stages-30 - 40 %, III stages 10 - 15 %.

It Differs From A Pneumonia That Disease Symptoms

It differs from a pneumonia that disease symptoms - a heat, occurrence of a site of blackout - of a pulmonary fabric - very quickly, sometimes during 2 - 4 days, are resolved after application of anti-inflammatory therapy and means, and sometimes and in itself after sick a clot in the form of a stopper, an obturirovav-neck a bronchial tube Through the short period of time pneumonia symptoms appear again that should force to think the doctor of the central cancer of a lung. At full corking of a bronchial tube develops the part of the lung ventilated through the amazed bronchial tube (fig. 21). it is usually accompanied - by body rise in temperature-. Fizikalnye symptoms depend on changes in lungs. At infringement of passableness of a bronchial tube there is a backlog of a site of a thorax during breath; sometimes backlog of a shovel from a chest wall (a symptom of Dilona), trachea displacement aside (a symptom of Rubinshtejna) is visible. A number of patients has symptoms nonspecific - fingers become drum-type sticks, and nails - the form of hour fragments of glass.

Infringements And The Pus Formed - Owing To

Infringements and the pus formed - owing to development of an infection in a bronchial tree, cause periodic rises in temperature, occurrence of cough which treat as . At and suppurating passableness of a bronchial tube it is quite often restored for some months. Constant infringement of bronchial conductivity gradually leads to formation and abscesses in a pulmonary fabric. At the further growth of a tumour comes - full a bronchial tube with development a share or all lung. Central tumours, in the majority of an adenoma, often grow from smaller bronchial tube in a gleam of larger. Proceeding from it, usually takes place a share or all lung. Fizikalnoe research thus - gives the chance to define shortening presence a sound over area , easing or absence of breath, easing - or disappearance of vocal trembling. - hypoventilation or a share or all lung comes to light. On the tomogram amputation of a large bronchial tube is visible. The greatest information gives at which - find out a tumour with a smooth surface, a - bronchial tube gleam.

Beam Therapy Radiations (spend Sources Mega-voltnogo Gamma Installations,

Beam therapy radiations (spend sources mega-voltnogo gamma installations, beta thrones, linear - accelerators). Total a dose on a mammary gland of 25 Gr ' (2500 it is glad), on area of 21 Gr (2100 is glad). - and areas irradiate only after operation, a total dose to 45 Gr (4500 it is glad). At revealing of a cancer of a mammary gland at the pregnant woman it is necessary to recommend urgent interruption of pregnancy, and then to deal with a question on character of operation and the further treatment. The most frequent complication in the postoperative period after radical is development of a hypostasis of a hand on the operation party that is connected with infringement . To this patients recommend raised position of a hand, bandaging bandage, under indications and - anti-inflammatory therapy. With development of microsurgical technics began to find application of operation of creation . Cancer relapses are more often observed in the first 3 - 5 years after operation. Treatment: beam, himio - .

Pus, Getting To Bronchial Tubes, Causes Development -

Pus, getting to bronchial tubes, causes development - of a purulent bronchitis with plentiful formation (to several honeycombs of milliliters a day). at a lung abscess has an unpleasant smell, and at standing in bank shares on three layers. Bottom average consists of pus, - from a serous liquid and top - foamy. Sometimes in it is possible to see small - scraps of the changed pulmonary fabric (pulmonary sequesters). At - its microscopic research find out a considerable quantity - of leukocytes, fibres, set of bacteria. Given researches change in comparison with the first period. In process of clearing of a cavity of an abscess of pus and the permission inflammatory process the - shortening zone a sound disappears. In the presence of the big cavity, free from pus, over it it can be defined timpa-nichesky a sound more clearly revealed if at the patient opens a mouth. At the considerable sizes of an abscess are listened breath over a cavity and mixed - damp rattles, mainly in adjacent departments of a lung.