NO There Are Defeat Signs No Lymph Nodes

NO there are defeat signs no lymph nodes N1 Defeat signs and (or) root knots, including direct distribution of a primary tumour N2 Signs of defeat of lymph nodes NX - the minimum complex of research cannot be applied to a condition estimation lymph nodes M - the remote metastasises. - there are no signs of the remote metastasises Ml signs of the remote metastasises To four stages of a cancer of a lung on the International classification - there correspond the following combinations TNM. I stage: T1 - T2NOMO; II stage: T1 - T2N1MO: III stage: T1 - T2N2 - ; IV stage: any combination TNM in the presence of Ml (degree and N specify at histologic research). For more total characteristic of features of disease subdivide a lung cancer on accompanying complications. - Allocate: 1) not complicated current and 2) complicated (, a pneumonia, a pleurisy, etc.). Clinic and diagnostics: in initial stages of disease the - semiology poor, in later - is characterised by the signs which are taking place and at other diseases of lungs the Most frequent displays of a cancer of a lung - chest pains, cough, a short wind, body rise in temperature, at various forms of a cancer of a lung are observed with various frequency.

At And Follicular Forms Of A Cancer Of

At and follicular forms of a cancer of a thyroid gland (I - II stages) are shown subtotal with audit of lymph nodes and their removal at revealing of metastasises. At III stage of disease - spend the combined therapy: preoperative gamma therapy, then subtotal or total with fastsialno-futljarnym from both parties. At a cancer III - IV stages if preoperative beam - therapy was not spent-, it is expedient to spend a postoperative irradiation. For influence to the remote metastasises at the differentiated - forms of a cancer appoint I133. The forecast favorable at follicular and forms of a cancer of a thyroid gland. At the solid and - not differentiated forms of a cancer the forecast bad even at rather early surgical intervention. PARATHYROID GLANDS AND THEIR DISEASES Okoloshchitovidnye glands (glandulae parathyreoideae) - glands of internal secretion. Are located on a back surface of a thyroid gland, out of its capsule, more often on two on each party. Their size and quantity considerably - vary.

The Diagnosis: Direct Instructions On Fistula Presence Is

The diagnosis: direct instructions on fistula presence is receipt in respiratory ways painted dark blue the milk entered through a probe, established on 20 sm from edge of cutters. Thus there is a cough with , painted dark blue. However test can not give results at narrow fistulas, and also at diseases of a throat and infringements a reflex. Most informatively radiological research with - introduction substances in a gullet, especially with - application or . The - additional information gives the - gullet and trachea research-, helping to find out an aperture in a gullet or trachea wall. Treatment: surgical - a section a course with the - subsequent defects in a wall of a trachea and a gullet. At the fistulas caused by disintegration of a tumour, - operation limit which apply also as time action if necessary for some term to exclude a food through a mouth. TRACHEA TUMOURS Trachea tumours make 4 - 5 % tumours-, they can be primary and secondary. To secondary tumours (more frequent) carry the new growths sprouting - in a trachea from bodies surrounding it and fabrics, and also seldom observable metastatic tumours.

Damages A Lung Can Be Result Both The

Damages a lung can be result both the closed trauma, and getting wounds (fire, wounds) Open damages are combined with - or with (the section of "pleura Damage-" see-). Symptoms: at a bruise of a lung the chest pains amplifying - at a breath, cough with , pains at a thorax on a defeat place, - shortening a sound. establish blackout of a site of a lung. At damage of a lung by fragments of the broken edges, except the listed symptoms, the congestion of air and blood in a pleural cavity, occurrence hypodermic and - emphysemas is characteristic-. Action treatment - should be directed on preventive maintenance - of development of inflammatory process (antibiotics, means) At getting wounds it is necessary urgent operation take in a lung Wound or at extensive damages make a resection of a part of a lung. Careful audit - of large vessels and heart which can be damaged simultaneously with a lung is necessary-. Thorax wound take in tightly In a pleural cavity leave underwater or vacuum-drainage on 2 - 3 days for removal pleural and air DISEASES OF LUNGS SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF LUNGS Tuberculosis of lungs.

Thereof LATS Causes The Same Excitation Of A

Thereof LATS causes the same excitation of a thyroid gland, as well as tireo-tropin as contacts the same receptors, as - last. Increase of accumulation of Tz and 4 in an organism breaks - processes oxidising in fabrics that is shown - by frustration of all kinds of an exchange, function of the central nervous - system, heart and other bodies. women at the age from 20 is more often are ill. Till 50 years. The parity of number of sick women and men makes - 10:1. The big frequency of disease at women speaks more frequent at them infringements of normal mutual relation of functions of sexual glands and gipotalamo-gipofizarnoj systems that is accompanied by the strengthened synthesis of hormones of a thyroid gland. Clinic and diagnostics: displays, characteristic for , can be at three pathological processes-: toxic a craw, toxic central <a craw - which can be multinodal or be characterised - by growth follicular in the form of single knot (- so-called an adenoma). The multinodal toxic craw usually grows out of transformation ("bazedovifi-katsii") is long existing multinodal a craw.

Spontaneous . Under Spontaneous Understand Air Congestion In

Spontaneous . Under spontaneous understand air congestion in the pleural cavity, arising without dependence from what or the making factor. Aetiology: usually spontaneous happens owing to rupture subpleural or thin-walled - , observed in the absence of other changes in a lung. Occasionally development spontaneous is caused by break in a pleura of tubercular cavities, destruction of a wall of a bronchial tube by a breaking up tumour and other reasons. Rupture or can occur during a fit of coughing at smokers owing to increase thus intrapulmonary pressure. Spontaneous can develop at any age. Describe cases of its development in newborns at carrying out by it the actions connected with sharp increase of intrapulmonary pressure. With especially serious consequences development at persons of advanced age in the presence of - accompanying diseases threatens-: warm insufficiency, a widespread - emphysema of lungs, a pneumosclerosis. At rupture of a pulmonary fabric or containing vessels solderings there is a - hemorrhage in a pleural cavity, develops .

Treatment: Finding-out Of The Reasons And Their Elimination.

Treatment: finding-out of the reasons and their elimination. . At considerable allocation of milk and - its congestion - in dairy courses there is an expansion of lacteal - channels. Appear formations of various size. At pressing the secret is allocated for formation from a nipple; at corking a channel pressing on formation is not accompanied by allocation of a secret from a nipple. have the roundish or oval form, accurate contours, a consistence. Treatment: the surgical. DISGORMONALNAJA OF THE MAMMARY GLAND changes of mammary glands with prevalence of a painful syndrome, with presence of a neurosis and functional to change- . Disease is more often observed at not giving birth or - women, especially at women with labile nervous system and with diseases of genitals. In the period in one or both mammary glands appears a swelling-, pressure, an intensive pain with in , , areas, a shoulder. At consolidation, sharp morbidity After the termination pains, pressure of mammary glands decrease, and sometimes disappear.

Morphological Research From - Mammary Gland Consolidations-, From

Morphological research from - mammary gland consolidations-, from a nipple help to diagnose. The authentic diagnosis at central can - be put only at histologic research of remote sector of a mammary gland. Treatment: at central the sectoral resection with urgent histologic research of a macropreparation is shown-. At treatment should be directed - on regulation of infringements of functions of glands of internal - secretion, treatment of diseases of female genitals, suppression processes in a mammary gland. For removal - of painful sensations appoint with and the jodi-house . For reduction processes in a - mammary gland at aged people till 40 years recommend treatment by iodine microdoses (a water solution of 0,25 % during the period on 10 ml once a day after meal within 1 year). Application of microdoses of iodine is based on stimulation - a hormone by a hypophysis. The ljuteinizirujushchy hormone normalises function with broken a phase and restores normal recurrence of changes in a mammary gland If an occurrence principal cause - is presence follicular , an - estrogen producing a - considerable quantity, treatment renders the - expressed effect.

Reveal Extensive Blackout In A Lung, To-toroe Increases

reveal extensive blackout in a lung, to-toroe increases every day. Before occurrence of antibiotics patients with a lung gangrene usually perished within the first days of disease. Treatment: sharp purulent diseases of lungs should be treated in a complex; it is directed on increase of resistibility - of an organism, improvement of conditions an abscess, struggle against an infection, normalisation of warm activity, function of an internal 1. Increase of resistibility of an organism is reached: the - corresponding hygienic mode strengthened by a food Patients with lose a considerable quantity of fiber and first of all . The general caloric content of a food should make - 3500 - 4000. A food should be albuminous; for compensation of power expenses expediently high-grade and (including ) a food. 2. Improvements of conditions manage to be reached an abscess-: application means, introduction in a bronchial tree of solutions enzymes, muko-ligicheskih means in the form of an aerosol, by pouring in an abscess cavity through , at an abscess puncture through a chest wall in case of its subpleural arrangement, - physiotherapy exercises appointment - in a combination with (giving to the patient of position at whom - abscess contents - will flow owing to weight).

Thus - Observe Receipt Of Contrast From A

Thus - observe receipt of contrast from a gullet in a tree. At an establishment of the diagnosis congenital a fistula early - urgent reconstructive operation - which is better to carry out in the first days after a birth is necessary--. Got fistulas arise at sick - of a gullet or trachea cancer at tumour disintegration. Less often traumatic damages and trachea and gullet wounds, punching of a wall of a gullet and a trachea at buzhiro-vanii a gullet, disintegration -- of the lymph nodes amazed with a tuberculosis happen their reason--. Observe punching in a trachea a gullet, - from or a narcotic tube even more seldom-. Symptoms a fistula depend on the sizes, a direction of a course of a fistula, presence or absence in it - the mechanism. At wide enough fistula - occurrence of fits of coughing is characteristic - during food intake. Cough can be accompanied by an asthma and , allocation with - food slices-. At a fistula with the mechanism cough during meal can be absent. Sometimes patients mark chest pains, voices, and vomiting with blood; the pneumonia which accepts a chronic current often develops.

First Sign A Crisis - Fast Rise In

First sign a crisis - fast rise in temperature of a body to 40�, accompanied by an accruing - tachycardia. Arterial pressure at first raises, and then psychological frustration decrease, observed. In development of a crisis the leading role is played by insufficiency of function - of a bark of the adrenal glands, caused by operational stress. Crisis treatment should be directed on struggle with nadpochechniko-howl insufficiency, cardiovascular infringements, giper-termiej and oxygen insufficiency. . At it is long an existing craw, especially at , and , owing to its constant pressure upon a trachea there are - degenerate changes in rings and them - Traheomaljatsija. After craw removal at once after tracheas or in the nearest postoperative period there can - be its excess in a site of a softening or rapprochement of walls and gleam narrowing. Comes sharp , which can lead to death of the patient if not to execute urgent ("Inflammatory diseases of a trachea" see). Postoperative - insufficiency of function - of the thyroid gland, caused by its full removal full or nearly so during operation, develops at 9 - 10 % of the operated - patients.

The Lymph Most Part Flows From Lungs In

The lymph most part flows from lungs in the right lymphatic channel, only from the top part of the left lung lymph outflow is carried out on left chains of lymph nodes From the bottom shares of both lungs a lymph flows also on the vessels going downwards in leaves of pulmonary sheaves to knot, located in back behind a gullet and a diaphragm. Lungs have parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensitive -. Sensitive lungs occurs mainly for the account nerves. All listed nerves form powerful forward and back pulmonary textures at a root of lungs. Expansion of lungs at a breath is provided with presence of negative pressure in a pleural cavity (2 - 5 mm the item). During reduction of volume of a thorax of an alveolus are fallen down, pressure exceeds them atmospheric and there is an exhalation As a result of pulmonary ventilation - alveolar air is updated. For normal gas exchange it is required, that pressure of oxygen in alveolar air made 110 mm hg, and carbonic acids of 40 mm hg Gas exchange in alveoluses occurs under physical laws of diffusion.

Define - Size, A - Consistence, Quantity, Mobility,

Define - size, a - consistence, quantity, mobility, morbidity - of lymph nodes. Technique - of self-inspection of mammary glands. For early revealing of the predopuho-left changes and - tumours of mammary glands all women are more senior 25 years should to watch a condition of mammary glands, i.e. To learn receptions - of self-inspection which - should be spent once a month in any day of 1st week after a cycle (fig. 8.) The woman should undress to a belt, examine linen, - especially in those places where it adjoined to dummies. Presence of stains (, brown or colourless) specifies on allocation from a nipple which appear at - mammary gland diseases. An exception make allocation of nipples at recently feeding when the - changes connected with pregnancy and a lactation yet have not come to the end-. Then it is examined mammary glands before a mirror at first in position with lowered, and then with the - hands lifted on a - nape. Thus it is necessary to turn slowly to the right, and then to the left.

Can Be The General And Selective When A

Can be the general and selective when a certain vessel and after introductions of a small dose of contrast - substance (15 - 20 ml) do a x-ray picture of only limited site of a lung. apply mainly to operability specification at a lung cancer. The symptom of amputation of a large branch of a pulmonary artery or defect of its filling testifies that a lung . A method use also for diagnostics a pulmonary - artery, anomalies of development of vessels of a lung, an - aneurysm. Top - contrast research of the top hollow vein. It is applied at suspicion on germination in it - tumours of a lung or , presence of metastasises of a cancer of a lung in . bronchial arteries - the x-ray research - which is carried out at filling of bronchial arteries - by contrast substance. It is shown mainly for specification of localisation of a source of a bleeding and as the method of research previous an artery at a pulmonary bleeding-. - radiological research of a thorax after introduction in gas (usually - 150 - 200 ml of oxygen) through a puncture over a breast or in the second at the left.

Under The Influence Of An Estrogen Growth And

Under the influence of an estrogen growth and maturing - of genitals and mammary glands begins-. With approach the progesterone a hormone of a yellow body In the period quantity of ferruterous courses in a mammary gland joins also increases, they extend, segments , are found out by places sl\shchennye cages, the layer - bulks up, In the period puffiness of segments, round large courses disappear At pregnancy the condition of mammary glands is influenced by the hormones developed by a placenta, - , , and also hormones of a true yellow body; synthesis of hormones of a forward share of a hypophysis during this period is lowered In a mammary gland occurs ferruterous segments After the delivery and placentae function Under influence again becomes more active and hormones of a back share of a hypophysis the lactation begins. After its termination the mammary gland is exposed physiological In the climacteric period in process of function decrease level hormones decreases and level a stimulating hormone of a hypophysis the Mammary gland raises decreases, the ferruterous fabric is replaced fibrous and fatty.